[Learn Korean E32] “(으)면”, “(으)면서”, “(으)러 가다/오다”

안녕하세요. 토미입니다.

The theme of today’s class is 【복권에 당첨되면 뭘 하고 싶어요?】 “What would you want to do if you win the lottery?”

Today, we’ll learn (으)면 “if/when”, (으)면서 “while/as” and (으)러 가다/오다 “to go/come (in order) to do something.”

After today’s class, you will be able to say suppositions or assumptions like “If I could travel somewhere, I would choose to go to India.”

I am sure you can read through all the quizzes on TOPIK without having any trouble, and be the super master of Korean!

그럼 시작할게요！

Listen to the Conversation

The theme of today’s class is 【복권에 당첨되면 뭘 하고 싶어요?】 “What do you want to do if you win the lottery?”

Tammy and Sangmin are imagining what they would do if they won the lottery.

Let’s listen to their conversation about where they’d both spend their money with English subtitles.

그럼 들어보세요！

• 토미：상민 씨, 만약에 복권에 당첨되면 뭘 하고 싶어요?
  Tammy：Sangmin, if you win the lottery, what would you want to do?
• 상민：글쎄요. 저는 배를 타고 다니면서 세계여행을 하고 싶어요. 토미 씨는요?
  Sangmin：Well. I want to travel around the world on a cruise. What about you, Tammy?
• 토미：저는 오로라를 보러 핀란드에 가 보고 싶어요.
  Tammy：I want to go to Finland to see the northern lights.
• 상민：멋지네요. 핀란드에 가면 산타할아버지를 만날 수 있겠네요.
  Sangmin：That’s great. If you go to Finland, you should be able to meet Santa Claus.
• 토미：맞아요! 저는 초등학생 때부터 산타할아버지 썰매를 타 보고 싶었어요.
  Tammy：Yes, that’s right! I’ve wanted to ride on Santa Claus’s sleigh since I was in elementary school.

Vocabulary and Phrases

Now, I’ll explain the vocabulary and phrases while reviewing the conversation one sentence at a time.

• 토미：상민 씨, 만약에 복권에 당첨되면 뭘 하고 싶어요?

만약에 means “if /in case.”
You can start a sentence with 만약에 to imply that (으)면 “if” will come along soon.
In other words, 만약에 and (으)면 make a good pair as they are often used together in “if” sentence.

복권 is a “lottery” and 당첨되다 means “to win (a lottery).”
Whether you need to use this ○○하다 or 되다 is one of the points that beginners often find it difficult, but to say “to win” an event or the lottery in Korean, you say 당첨되다 instead of 당첨하다.

• 상민：글쎄요. 저는 배를 타고 다니면서 세계여행을 하고 싶어요. 토미 씨는요?

글쎄요 means “well”, and it’s an exclamation used when you are not so sure or thinking about something.

타고 다니다 means “to ride around.”
타고 가다 is “to ride and go.”
So 배를 타고 다녀요. is “I’m going to ride around on the cruise.”

세계여행 is a “world travel.”
Let’s look at some other words, which used 세계 the “world.”
세계지도 is a “world map,” 세계사 is a “world history,” and 전세계 is the “entire world.”

• 토미：저는 오로라를 보러 핀란드에 가 보고 싶어요.

오로라 is the“northern lights.”

핀란드 is “Finland.”
Since we learned Finland, let’s also memorize how to say some other countries.

한국 “South Korea” has often come up in this elementary course, right?
If you say you didn’t know it, I will be upset!
Other country names are 중국 “China,” 미국 “the United States of America,” and 영국 “England.”

가 보고 싶다 means “I want to go.”
This phrase itself is the combination of two grammar.
One is 아/어 보다 “to try to do (an action)” and -고 싶다 “want to.”

• 상민：멋지네요. 핀란드에 가면 산타할아버지를 만날 수 있겠네요.

The word 멋지다 means “cool/nice/great”, something very positive.
When it means cool, it is often used for guys.
But in today’s conversation, Sangmin used 멋지다 to say “great or nice,” and this can be used to describe women as well.
For example, you can say 언니는 정말 멋져요! “You’re really great, my sister!”

산타할아버지 is “Santa (grandpa).”
Koreans say 산타할아버지 more often than 산타클로스 “Santa Claus.”

• 토미：맞아요! 저는 초등학생 때부터 산타할아버지 썰매를 타 보고 싶었어요.

초등학생 is an “elementary school student.”
Let’s also learn some words referring to students.
중학생 is a “middle school student,” 고등학생 is a “high school student,” and 대학생 is a “university/college student.”

Focus on 때부터 “from the time of.”
The word to express time is 부터, which means “since/from~,” and the word for place is 에서 which also means “from~.”
So make sure you clearly remember the difference between them.

For example, Tammy said 초등학생 때부터 “since I was in elementary school” in the conversation.
She used 부터 because she is describing time, not place.

썰매 is “sled/sleigh.”
Let’s remember this word together with 스키 “ski.”
These words use 타다 “to ride” as the verb, so 썰매를 타다, 스키를 타다 “to ride on a sleigh,” “to ride a ski” is a natural way to express “to ski” in Korean.
Also, be aware to use the object marker, 를 in the sentence.

Grammar

(으)면 (if I do~)

The first grammar is (으)면 which means “when/if”, depending on a situation.

You use this grammar when a situation might or might not happen.
This is called a “supposition” in grammatical terms.

You can also use 만약에 (으)면 to emphasize the meaning of “if.”

There are two patterns for (으)면.

First, for a verb stem with a final consonant, you add 으면 to the stem.
For example, for the verb 먹다 ”to eat,” you add 으면 to the stem and it becomes 먹으면, which means “if I eat.”

Second, if there is no final consonant in a verb stem, you add 면 to the stem.
For example, for 가다 “to go,” you add 면 to the stem and say 가면 which means “If I go”

Ex.)
토미：상민 씨, 만약에 복권에 당첨되면 뭘 하고 싶어요?
Tammy：Sangmin, if you win the lottery, what do you want to do?

Here, let’s look at 당첨되면.
The dictionary form of “to win (the lottery) is 당첨되다.
당첨되다 does not have a final consonant, so you add 면 to the stem to make 당첨되면.

Quiz

What goes into the parentheses?

・ (        ) 하면 돼요.
If you want to do it, you can do it.

(1)하고 싶으면 (2)하고 싶면

The answer is (1).
The word for “I want to do~” is 하고 싶다.
The stem of 하고 싶다 has a final consonant, so you add 으면 to the stem and say 하고 싶으면.

The whole sentence would be 하고 싶으면 하면 돼요.

(으)면서 (while/as)

The second grammar is (으)면서 “while/as.”
By using this grammar, you can express that two actions occur at the same time.

How to apply this grammar is the same as in (으)면, which we have just learned.
So, here, I will only go over two patterns.

First, for a verb stem without a final consonant, and second, for a verb stem with a final consonant.
Let’s look at an example sentence with a verb stem with a final consonant.

Ex.1)
밥을 먹으면서 게임해요.
I play games while eating.

In this sentence, 먹다 has a final consonant, so you add 으면서 to say 먹으면서 “while eating.”
Like this sentence, I am playing games and eating at the same time.

Next, let’s look at an example with a verb stem without a final consonant.

Ex.2)
배를 타고 다니면서 세계여행을 하고 싶어요.
I want to travel the world while going around on a cruise.

Here, 다니다 “to go around” does not have a final consonant, so you add 면서 to say 다니면서 “while going around.”

Quiz

What goes into the parentheses?

・ 티비를 (        ) 공부를 하면 집중력이 떨어져요.
If you study while watching TV, you will lose your concentration.

(1)보면서 (2)보으면서

The answer is (1).
The word for “to look/watch” is 보다, so we just add 면서 to the stem.
So, it is going to be 보면서 “while watching.”
By the way,집중력이 떨어지다 is “to lose a concentration,” so you can memorize this phrase as well.

The whole sentence would be 티비를 (보면서) 공부를 하면 집중력이 떨어져요.

(으)러 가다/오다 “to go/come (in order) to do”

(으)러 가다/오다 means “to go/come (in order) to do something.”
You can express that you are going or coming to perform an action.

Since this is an action, you can use this grammar for only verbs.

How to apply this is the same as in (으)면, so let’s just go over a verb stem with a final consonant and a verb stem without a final consonant.

Let’s first look at an example that has a final consonant.

Ex.1)
닭갈비를 먹으러 식당에 가요.
Let’s go to the restaurant to eat Dakgalbi.

Here, 먹다 has a final consonant, so you add 으러 to say 먹으러.
You go to the restaurant in order to eat.
So that’s why you use 먹으러 “to eat.”

Next is an example without a final consonant.
In the conversation, there was this phrase.

Ex.2)
오로라를 보러 핀란드에 가 보고 싶어요.
I want to go to Finland to see the northern lights.

For this case, 보다 does not have a final consonant, so it becomes 보러 “to see.”

Quiz

What goes into the parentheses?

・ (          ) 가실래요?
Shall we go out to eat?

(1)식사하러 (2)식사하셔

The answer is (1).
The word for “to eat (a meal)” is 식사하다.
식사하다 does not have a final consonant, so you just add 러 to the stem to say 식사하러 “to eat.”

The whole sentence would be (식사하러) 가실래요?

Conversation (Korean only)

Let’s listen to it again without the English subtitles.
I am sure you can hear more words and grammar this time.

그럼 확인해 보세요！

• 토미：상민 씨, 만약에 복권에 당첨되면 뭘 하고 싶어요?
• 상민：글쎄요. 저는 배를 타고 다니면서 세계여행을 하고 싶어요. 토미 씨는요?
• 토미：저는 오로라를 보러 핀란드에 가 보고 싶어요.
• 상민：멋지네요. 핀란드에 가면 산타할아버지를 만날 수 있겠네요.
• 토미：맞아요! 저는 초등학생 때부터 산타할아버지 썰매를 타 보고 싶었어요.

Conversation Practice

그럼 큰소리로 읽어 보세요.

• 토미：상민 씨, 만약에 복권에 당첨되면 뭘 하고 싶어요?
  Tammy：Sangmin, if you win the lottery, what would you want to do?
• 상민：글쎄요. 저는 배를 타고 다니면서 세계여행을 하고 싶어요. 토미 씨는요?
  Sangmin：Well. I want to travel around the world on a cruise. What about you, Tammy?
• 토미：저는 오로라를 보러 핀란드에 가 보고 싶어요.
  Tammy：I want to go to Finland to see the northern lights.
• 상민：멋지네요. 핀란드에 가면 산타할아버지를 만날 수 있겠네요.
  Sangmin：That’s great. If you go to Finland, you should be able to meet Santa Claus.
• 토미：맞아요! 저는 초등학생 때부터 산타할아버지 썰매를 타 보고 싶었어요.
  Tammy：Yes, that’s right! I’ve wanted to ride on Santa Claus’s sleigh since I was in elementary school.

Homework

We have two homework assignments for today.

First, use (으)면 and make a sentence to say “if I~.”
For example, you can say

• 복권에 당첨되면 세계 여행을 하고 싶어요.
  If I win the lottery, I want to travel around the world.

For the second sentence, try making a sentence using (으)러 가다/오다 “to go/come (in order) to do something.”
For example,

• 연예인을 만나러 팬미팅에 가요.
  I’m going to a fan meeting to meet a celebrity.

The second homework is to memorize the vocabulary.
Please memorize 40 words from #881 to #920 on page 12 of the Elementary Vocabulary List.

That’s all for today!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！ 한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！