[Learn Korean E41] “-게 “, “게 되다”, “-는 편이다”

안녕하세요. 토미입니다.

The theme of today’s lesson is 【예쁘게 차려입고 어디 가는 길이에요?】 “Where are you going dressed up so nicely?”

Today, I will explain three grammar rules.

First, -게 “~ly” to make an adjective into an adverb.
Second, 게 되다 “become/end up doing,” and lastly, -는 편이다 “I tend to do~.”

그럼 시작할게요.

Listen to the Conversation

The theme of today’s conversation is【예쁘게 차려입고 어디 가는 길이에요?】 “Where are you going dressed up so nicely?”

Tammy was walking down a street and met Sangmin by coincidence.
What are they planning to do? And what is Sangmin so surprised about?

Please listen carefully to the conversation and try to guess.

그럼 들어보세요！

• 상민：토미 씨, 그렇게 예쁘게 차려입고 어디 가는 길이에요?
  Sangmin：Tammy, where are you going dressed up so nicely like that?
• 토미：결혼식에 가는 길이에요. 대학 때 알게 된 친구인데 오늘 저 예식장에서 식을 올려요. 상민 씨도 멋있게 입었는데 어디 가세요?
  Tammy：I am on the way to a wedding. My friend from college is holding a wedding at that wedding hall today. You’re dressed well too, Sangmin. Where are you going?
• 상민：저도 저기서 결혼식이 있어요. 혹시 같은 친구일까요?
  Sangmin：I am also attending a wedding there. Do you think we have the same friend?
• 토미：그런 것 같네요. 정말 우연이네요.
  Tammy：It seems so. What a coincidence.
• 상민：네. 근데 와, 토미 씨는 완전 다른 사람 같아요. 항상 예쁘지만 오늘은 더 예뻐요.
  Sangmin：Yes. But wow, Tammy, you look like a completely different person. You’re always pretty, but you’re even prettier today.
• 토미：뭘요. 그냥 화장을 해서 그렇지 않을까요? 제가 평소에 화장을 잘 안 하는 편이잖아요.
  Tammy：No, no. Isn’t it just because I wore makeup? I usually don’t put on makeup a lot, you know.

Vocabulary and Phrases

I’ll explain their conversation based on the vocabulary and phrases.

• 상민：토미 씨, 그렇게 예쁘게 차려입고 어디 가는 길이에요?

그렇게 means “like that.”
There are some more expressions such as 이렇게 “like this,” 저렇게 “like that,” and 어떻게 “like what.”

차려입다 means “to dress up.”
This word is a combination of 차리다 and 입다.
차리다 means “to dress up/to be fashionable,” and 입다 means “to wear.”

어디 가는 길이에요? directly translates into “where is the road heading to?,” which means “where are you going?” in English.
It’s a phrase that is commonly used by native Koreans, so please try to memorize it well.

• 토미：결혼식에 가는 길이에요. 대학 때 알게 된 친구인데 오늘 저 예식장에서 식을 올려요. 상민 씨도 멋있게 입었는데 어디 가세요?

결혼식 is a “wedding ceremony.”

올리다 means “to hold (an event).”
When you say, 저는 내일 결혼식을 올려요, it means “I will hold a wedding ceremony tomorrow.”

• 토미：그런 것 같네요. 정말 우연이네요.

우연 means a “chance/coincidence.”
For adverb, it is going to be 우연히, “by chance/by accident/accidentally/by coincidence.”
When you say, 우연히 만났네요!, it means “We met accidentally!”

• 상민：네. 근데 와, 토미 씨는 완전 다른 사람 같아요. 항상 예쁘지만 오늘은 더 예뻐요.

완전 “completeness” is a noun, and 완전히 “completely” is an adverb.
But somehow, Korean people use 완전 as the meaning of adverb, “completely.”

예쁘다 means “pretty/beautiful.”
Any woman would love to hear this word.
Korean men often say 완전 예쁘다, “(She is) completely beautiful.”

• 토미：뭘요. 그냥 화장을 해서 그렇지 않을까요? 제가 평소에 화장을 잘 안 하는 편이잖아요.

뭘요 means “No, no.”
Like this conversation, you can use it to make yourself humble after somebody complimenting you.
When somebody says “thank you” to you, you can also reply 뭘요, with the nuance of “no, no, it’s not a big deal.”

화장 is “makeup.”
평소 means “usually/daily.”
When you say, 제가 평소에 화장을 잘 안 해요, it means “I don’t usually put on makeup a lot.”

Grammar

-게 “-ly”

Next, I’ll explain the grammar -게 “-ly.“
You can use this to express purpose or degree.

In other words, you are changing adjectives into adverbs such as “beautiful (adjective)” to “beautifully(adverb)” or “loud(adjective)” to “loudly (adverb).”

Application of this grammar is pretty simple.

If you add -게 to the stem of an adjective regardless of a final consonant, it becomes an adverb.

따뜻하다 is “warm.”
You just add -게 to the stem to make 따뜻하게 “warmly.”

느리다 is “slow.”
When you add -게 to the stem, it becomes 느리게, “slowly.”

Ex.1)
토미 씨, 그렇게 예쁘게 차려입고 어디 가는 길이에요?
Tammy, where are you going dressed up nicely like that?

In this sentence, let’s look at 예쁘게.
예쁘다 is “pretty/beautiful,” and the stem of the word is 예쁘. You add -게 to make 예쁘게 “nicely.”

Ex.2)
상민 씨도 멋있게 입었는데 어디 가세요?
You’re dressed well too, Sangmin. Where are you going?

Here, 멋있다 is “cool/stylish/elegant.”
The stem is 멋있, right? When you add -게, it becomes 멋있게 “(dressed) well.”

Quiz

Then, let’s take a simple quiz!
・ 이 강아지 얼굴이 (        ) 생겼네요.
This dog has a cute face.

(1)귀엽고 (2)귀엽게

The answer is (2).
Before going over the answer, I will explain one thing.
-게 생기다 means “looks like, looks (adjective),” such as “looks pretty/looks stylish etc.”
In the sentence, we want to say “looks cute.”

귀엽다 is “cute,” and its stem is 귀엽.
When you add -게, it becomes 귀엽게.

The whole sentence will be 이 강아지 얼굴이 (귀엽게) 생겼네요.

-게 되다　“become”

Let’s look at the next grammar, 게 되다 “become/end up doing/happen to”

You can use -게 되다 for verbs to express what you ended up doing or happened to do.

In addition, You often hear 할 수 있게 되다/할 수 없게 되다 “ become capable of / become uncapable of.”

It is different from 할 수 있다/ 할 수 없다 “can/cannot.”
할 수 있게 되다/할 수 없게 되다 implies that you became a person who is able to do certain things.

On the other hand, 할 수 있다/없다 just simply tells that you are able to do certain things.

Application of this grammar is as easy as ABC.

You just have to attach 게 되다 to the stem of a verb regardless of a final consonant.

Ex.1)
대학 때 알게 된 친구인데 오늘 저 예식장에서 식을 올려요.
My friend from college is holding a wedding at that wedding hall today.

Tammy said, 알게 된 친구 in a sentence.
It is made up with 알다 “to know” and 게 되다 “happens to know.”
When you combine them together, it becomes 알게 되다 “happens to know.”

Quiz

・ 한글을 (                   ).
I have become capable of reading hangul.

(1)읽을 수 있게 되었어요 (2)읽을 수 있어요

The answer is (1).
읽다 is “to read.” 읽을 수 있다 is “to be able to read.”
You combine it with +게 되다 to make 읽을 수 있게 되다.“
Since the sentence is in past tense, the answer is 읽을 수 있게 되었어요.

The whole sentence would be 한글을 읽을 수 있게 되었어요.

-는 편이다　“tend to~”

Let’s move on to the next grammar, -는 편이다 “tend to.”

You can express your opinions in a softer manner and non-decisive way.

You use 는 편이다 for verbs and (으)ㄴ 편이다 for adverbs.
Since we already covered the noun modifier in the previous lessons, I would like to briefly explain them for today.

You add -는 편이다 for verbs regardless of a final consonant, and add (으)ㄴ 편이다 for adjectives.

Ex.1)
제가 평소에 화장을 잘 안 하는 편이잖아요.
I usually don’t put on makeup a lot, you know.

Here, 화장을 하다 is “to wear makeup.”
Since it is a verb, you add -는 to make 하는 편이다. Also, Tammy used 잖아요 “~right?/as you know” in the end.

Quiz

・ 그는 술을 많이 (               ).
He tends to drink alcohol a lot.

(1)마신 편이에요 (2)마시는 편이에요.

The answer is (2).
마시다 is “to drink.” 마시다 is a verb, so you add -는 편이다 to make 마시는 편이다.
After that, you can make this to the 요 form, which is 마시는 편이에요.

The whole sentence would be 그는 술을 많이 (마시는 편이에요).

Conversation (Korean only)

Now, let’s try to listen to the conversation once again, but this time without English subtitles.
You should be able to understand much better than in the beginning.

그럼 확인해 보세요！

• 상민：토미 씨, 그렇게 예쁘게 차려입고 어디 가는 길이에요?
• 토미：결혼식에 가는 길이에요. 대학 때 알게 된 친구인데 오늘 저 예식장에서 식을 올려요. 상민 씨도 멋있게 입었는데 어디 가세요?
• 상민：저도 저기서 결혼식이 있어요. 혹시 같은 친구일까요?
• 토미：그런 것 같네요. 정말 우연이네요.
• 상민：네. 근데 와, 토미 씨는 완전 다른 사람 같아요. 항상 예쁘지만 오늘은 더 예뻐요.
• 토미：뭘요. 그냥 화장을 해서 그렇지 않을까요? 제가 평소에 화장을 잘 안 하는 편이잖아요.

Conversation Practice

Now, I will play the conversation one sentence at a time.
Please try reading it out along with me.

그럼 큰소리로 읽어 보세요！

• 상민：토미 씨, 그렇게 예쁘게 차려입고 어디 가는 길이에요?
  Sangmin：Tammy, where are you going dressed up so nicely like that?
• 토미：결혼식에 가는 길이에요. 대학 때 알게 된 친구인데 오늘 저 예식장에서 식을 올려요. 상민 씨도 멋있게 입었는데 어디 가세요?
  Tammy：I am on the way to a wedding. My friend from college is holding a wedding at that wedding hall today. You’re dressed well too, Sangmin. Where are you going?
• 상민：저도 저기서 결혼식이 있어요. 혹시 같은 친구일까요?
  Sangmin：I am also attending a wedding there. Do you think we have the same friend?
• 토미：그런 것 같네요. 정말 우연이네요.
  Tammy：It seems so. What a coincidence.
• 상민：네. 근데 와, 토미 씨는 완전 다른 사람 같아요. 항상 예쁘지만 오늘은 더 예뻐요.
  Sangmin：Yes. But wow, Tammy, you look like a completely different person. You’re always pretty, but you’re even prettier today.
• 토미：뭘요. 그냥 화장을 해서 그렇지 않을까요? 제가 평소에 화장을 잘 안 하는 편이잖아요.
  Tammy：No, no. Isn’t it just because I wore makeup? I usually don’t put on makeup a lot, you know.

Homework

We have two assignments today.

For the first homework, please try to make two sentences.
For the first sentence, use verb+-게 되다 “become/happen to” and tell us about a recent change you had.
For example, I would write

• 저는 이사가게 되었어요.
  I happened to move a house.

For the second sentence, use 는 편이다 “tend to” to tell us about what you do as a habit or try to do as a habit.
For example,

• 저는 물을 많이 마시는 편이에요.
  I tend to drink a lot.

The second homework is memorizing vocabulary.
Please memorize 40 words from #1241 to #1280 on page 16 of the Elementary Vocabulary List.
You can take a quiz on these 40 vocabulary words on this website, so please try it out after you finish memorizing.

That’s all for today.
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！ 한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！