여러분 안녕하세요. 토미입니다.
Let’s study Korean! Woo hoo!
Today, we will learn three expressions.
① -(ㄴ/는)다고 해서 “someone said this, so”
② -(ㄴ/는)다 “do something”
③ -(ㄴ/는)다는 “say that subject does ____”
Once you learn these expressions, you will use indirect speech pretty well.
Moreover, you can read and write diaries, newspapers, and essays.
That’s what university students do, right?
After this video, you will master these writing skills.
And I’m sure you will certainly be able to speak Korean.
Let’s complete our lessons together! And be the super master of Korean!
그럼 시작할게요！
-(ㄴ/는)다고 해서
Verbs(without a final consonant) + ㄴ다고 해서
Verbs(with a final consonant) + 는다고 해서
Adjectives + 고 해서
Nouns(without a final consonant) + 라고 해서
Nouns(with a final consonant) + 이라고 해서
Past tense + 았/었다고 해서
You can use -(ㄴ/는)다고 해서 in two ways.
The first is indirect speech, which means “someone said (this), so~/ I heard that ~, so, /because someone said.”
For example, you use this grammar like
언니가 콘서트에 가고 싶다고 해서 같이 갔어요.
I went to the concert with my sister because she said she wanted to.
The second way is a negative expression.
It means “just because ~, doesn’t mean something.”
You can use it like
공부를 잘 한다고 해서 모두가 서울대에 가는 건 아니에요.
Just because you are good at studying doesn’t mean everyone can go to Seoul University
Do you get the two different meanings?
Let’s look at how to use this grammar!
*Adjectives: First, for an adjective, you only need to attach -다고 해서 to the verb stem with or without a final consonant.
For example, 기쁘다 is “to be joyful.”
You attach -다고 해서 to the stem to make 기쁘다고 해서.
Likewise, if you want to use the word 좋다 “to be good,” you add -다고 해서 to the stem.
And you can say 좋다고 해서.
Next, let’s look at the use of a verb.
*Verbs: You will attach -는다고 해서 if there is a final consonant, and -ㄴ다고 해서 if there is no final consonant.
For example, 먹다 is “to eat”.
You add -는다고 해서 because this word has a final consonant.
Therefore, you will say, 먹는다고 해서.
Conversely, 가다 “to go’ does not have a final consonant.
Therefore, you will add -ㄴ다고 해서 to the stem to make 간다고 해서.
You can omit a subject in Korean sentences, such as he, she, or I.
But in English, you cannot.
If I constantly say he/she for every example sentence, it can be a little bit too repetitive, so from now on, let’s hypothesize that it is “he” every time, OK?
Now, let’s see some examples.
Verb: Example 1
오빠가 못 온다고 해서 제가 대신 왔어요.
I came here because my brother said he could not come.
Here, this sentence uses “because someone says something.”
Since 오다 does not have a final consonant, you attach -ㄴ다고 해서 to make 못 온다고 해서 “because my brother said he could not come.”
Let’s see another example.
Verb: Example 2
부모가 막는다고 해서 아이가 꿈을 포기하지 않을 거예요.
I don’t think children would give up their dreams just because their parents stop them.
Here, this usage of this grammar is “just because___, doesn’t mean.”
Since the word 막다 “to prevent, to stop” has a final consonant, you add 는다고 해서 to the verb stem and make the phrase 막는다고 해서 “just because the parent stops.”
Let’s look at the use of adjectives.
Adjective: Example 3
시간이 많다고 해서 놀고 있으면 안 돼요.
You shouldn’t play too much just because you have plenty of time.
It sounds like a phrase you can say to students before exams.
This phrase is used in the negative phrase “just because does not mean something.” 많다 is “to be plenty.”
You attach -다고 해서 to the adjective to make 많다고 해서 “just because there is plenty of time.”
Noun: Example 4
한국인이라고 해서 다 매운 걸 잘 먹는 건 아니에요.
Not all Koreans are good at eating spicy food.
This is also used in the second meaning.
Since 한국인 has a final consonant, you attach -이라고 해서 to make 한국인이라고 해서 “just because they are Korean.”
Quiz
Now, let’s deepen our understanding of -고 해서 with simple questions.
Which of the phrases should go in the parentheses?
1. 친구가 불고기를 ( ) 같이 먹으러 가는 길이에요.
I am on my way to eat Bulgogi with my friend because he said he wants to.
(１)먹고 싶다고 해서 (2)먹다고 해서
The correct answer is (1)
Here, 먹고 싶다 is “want to eat.”
This -고 싶다 is treated as an adjective.
Therefore, you attach -다고 해서 to the stem to make 먹고 싶다고 해서 “because he said he wants to.”
Let’s read the correct sentence together.
친구가 불고기를 ( 먹고 싶다고 해서 ) 같이 먹으러 가는 길이에요.
OK? You can repeat it at least three times.
Let’s try the next one!
2. 이게 ( ) 해결될 일이 아닌 것 같아요.
Just because you make an effort, this doesn’t seem to resolve.
(１)노력하는다고 해서 (2)노력한다고 해서
The answer is (2).
Here, 노력하다 “to make an effort,” does not have a final consonant.
Therefore, you can attach -ㄴ다고 해서 to the stem to make 노력한다고 해서.
Let’s read it together.
이게 (노력한다고 해서) 해결될 일이 아닌 것 같아요.
Try to imagine that you’re persuading someone.
-(ㄴ/는)다
Verbs(without a final consonant) + ㄴ다
Verbs(with a final consonant) + 는다
Adjectives + 다
Nouns(without a final consonant) + 다
Nouns(with a final consonant) + 이다
Past tense + 았/었다
Let’s move on to the next grammar.
The phrase -(ㄴ/는)다 means “do___” or “is/are ___”.
The meaning itself is simple.
To begin with, the phrase -(ㄴ/는)다 is called a narrative form.
It is very plain, and you are not talking to anyone in particular.
You are just expressing declarative facts.
This grammar is often seen in school textbooks, newspaper articles, diaries, novels, essays, etc.
It is hard to explain in just an English translation so that I will show you examples of Korean sentences.
For example, if you say, “I was so happy to see my friend” in Korean,
it could be 친구를 만나서 정말 기분이 좋았어요.
Here, please pay attention to this 좋았어요 part.
It indicates that you are talking to someone older than you.
Because you are using the “요 form, which is a polite expression.
However, if you say 친구를 만나서 정말 기분이 좋았다.
You can pay attention to this 좋았다 part.
It becomes a very plain sentence that you might use for your diary.
Because you are using 좋았다, a narrative form.
Now, I will explain how to use this grammar.
*Verbs: In the case of verbs, you will attach -는다 when the verb stem has a final consonant
and -ㄴ다 when the verb stem has no final consonant.
Since 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant, you attach -는다 to the stem to make 먹는다 “to eat.”
On the other hand, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant.
So, you will attach -ㄴ다 to say 간다 “I’m going.”
*Adjectives: It’s super-duper and easy to use adjectives because you have to use the dictionary form.
For example, 예쁘다 is “to be pretty” in its dictionary form.
So you use it as it is.
*Past tense: When you want to express the past tense, use -았/었다.
*Nouns: When you use a phrase as a noun, you attach -(이)다 to a noun.
Now, let’s read some sentences.
Verb: Example 1
그럼 내가 먼저 읽는다.
Then, I will read it first.
내가 먼저 읽는다 “I will read it first” is like declaring to someone. Since 읽다 “to read” has a final consonant, you add -는다 to make 읽는다.
Let’s go to the following sentence.
Verb: Example 2
어, 버스가 온다!
Oh, here comes the bus!
Since 오다 “to come” does not have a final consonant, you add -ㄴ다 to make 온다.
Let’s read the following sentence.
Adjective: Example 3
와! 오늘 날씨 진짜 좋다!
Oh, here comes the bus!
Here, 좋다 means “good.”
It is an adjective, so you use the dictionary to form it.
Don’t change anything. Just let it be.
Let’s read the following sentence.
Noun: Example 4
김치는 한국을 대표하는 음식 중 하나이다.
Kimchi is one of Korea’s representative foods.
Since 하나 “one” is a noun without a final consonant, it becomes 하나이다 by adding -이다.
Past tense: Example 5
오늘은 아침부터 저녁까지 하루종일 바쁘게 돌아다녔다.
I walked around busily from morning to evening today.
These words can be used in a diary or a novel.
The past tense for 돌아다니다 “to walk around” is 돌아다녔다 “to walked around.”
Quiz
Let’s deepen our understanding of this grammar with a few simple questions.
Which one is the correct answer?
1. 내일은 오늘보다 더 더워진다고 ( ).
They say that it will be hotter tomorrow than yesterday.
(１)한다 (2)했다.
The correct answer is one.
Did you notice 더워진다고 came from the grammar, -(ㄴ/는)다고 하다, which means “somebody says___.”
Since this 하다 does not have a final consonant, you will attach -ㄴ다 to say 한다.
Now, let’s read it aloud!
내일은 오늘보다 더 더워진다고 (한다).
Please read it at least three times. Let’s try the next one.
2. 나 여기 그냥 ( ).
I will be staying here.
(1) 있는다 (2) 있었다.
The correct answer is one.
Here, 있다 is “to be.”
But 있다 can be both a verb and an adjective.
When you want to say “I am staying” in a sentence, you use the phrase as a verb. Therefore, you will attach -는다 to the stem to make 있는다.
Now, let’s read it together.
나 여기 그냥 (있는다).
Do you get the narrative form?
-(ㄴ/는)다는
Verbs(without a final consonant) + ㄴ다는
Verbs(with a final consonant) + 는다는
Adjectives + 다는
Nouns(without a final consonant) + 라는
Nouns(with a final consonant) + 이라는
Past tense + 았/었다는
Future tense (Verbs / Adjectives) + 겠다는
Future tense (Nouns(without a final consonant)) + 겠다는
Future tense (Nouns(with a final consonant)) + 이겠다는
Last but not least, we are going to learn -(ㄴ/는)다는.
It means “say that the subject does___. I heard that something does.”
The point here is the subject.
You are modifying the following subject by using indirect speech.
*Adjectives: To apply this grammar to an adjective, you will add -다는 to its stem regardless of whether a word has a final consonant.
For example, 좋다 is “to be good.”
You attach 는 to make 좋다는 “heard that it’s good.”
*Verbs: For a verb, you attach -는다는 to a stem if a verb has a final consonant.
And you attach -ㄴ다는 if a verb has no final consonant.
For example, 받다 is “to receive.”
Since 받다 has a final consonant, you attach -는다 to the stem to make 받는다는 “heard that you are receiving.”
Since 오다 “to come” does not have a final consonant, you attach -ㄴ다는 to the stem to make 온다는 “heard that someone is coming.”
*Nouns: For nouns, it will be -(이)라는.
*Future tense: And for future tense, it is -겠다는.
*Past tense: For past tense, you use -았/었다는.
Now, let’s get to the sample sentences!
Verb: Example 1
여기가 된장찌개를 잘한다는 식당 맞죠?
I heard this restaurant has good Doenjang-jjigae. Is it right?
Here, since the verb 잘하다 “to be good at” does not have a final consonant,
you attach -ㄴ다는 to say 잘한다는 “(I heard that it) has good.”
Verb: Example 2
같이 가겠다는 사람이 모두 몇 명이에요?
How many people say that they are going with us in total?
Here, 가다 is “to go.”
You attach 겠다는 to the verb stem.
Therefore, it will be like 가겠다는 “say that they are going.”
Can you see that the part, 같이 가겠다는 is modifying the noun 사람 “people.”
Let’s read the following example.
Adjective: Example 3
이 집 갈비탕이 그렇게 맛있다는 소문을 듣고 왔어요.
I came here after a rumor that the galbitang at this restaurant is delicious.
Since the word 맛있다 “delicious” is an adjective, you add “-다는” to it to say 맛있다는 소문(news that it is delicious.”
Noun: Example 4
수학 시험이 다음 주 수요일이라는 이야기 들었어?
Did you hear that the math test is next Wednesday?
수요일 “Wednesday” is a noun with a final consonant, so by adding -이라는, it becomes 수요일이라는.
Past tense: Example 5
오늘 한국에서는 첫눈이 왔다는 소식을 들었어요.
I heard that it snowed for the first time in Korea today.
Add -았다는 to 오다 “come” to get 왔다는, “say it has come.” To say that ‘it is snowing/rain’ is also can be used 내리다. But when combined with 오다, it becomes 비가 오다(it is raining) and 눈이 오다(it is snowing).
Quiz
Now, let’s check this grammar by solving simple quizzes.
What goes between the parentheses?
1. 이번 주에 유미 씨가 ( ) 소식을 들었어요.
I heard the news that Yumi is getting married this week.
(１)결혼한다는 (2)결혼하는다는
Here, 결혼하다 “to get married” is a verb without a final consonant.
Therefore, you can attach -ㄴ다는 to say 결혼한다는 “heard that someone is getting married.”
This 유미 씨가 결혼한다는 “heard that Yumi is getting married” is modifying the noun 소식 “news,”
So, the correct answer is one.
Let’s read this sentence as if you are celebrating Yumi’s wedding.
이번 주에 유미 씨가 ( 결혼한다는 ) 소식을 들었어요.
Please read several times until you get the feeling.
Now, let’s try the following quiz!
2. 한국어 시험을 ( ) 게 사실이에요?
Is it true that you are taking a Korean examination?
(１)본다는 (2)받는다는
The correct answer is number one.
In Korean, 시험을 보다 is “to take an exam.”
It means “to watch an exam,” but this sounds natural in Korean.
보다 “to watch” is a verb without a final consonant.
Therefore, you attach -ㄴ다는 to the stem to make 본다는 “that you are taking.”
Now, let’s read this sentence together.
한국어 시험을 ( 본다는 ) 게 사실이에요?
Let’s imagine you are talking to your friends who are studying Korean now.
Now that you’ve learned up to this point, you might get the feeling of today’s grammar!
I’m sure that you guys are excellent students.
Homework
Now, I’d like to give you a homework gift! 가나다라마바사, 아자차카타파하！！
Come on, homework!
The first assignment is to make three sentences using the phrases you learned today.
① Please use the “because” phrase in the negative to me by using -(ㄴ/는)다고 해서 “just because___.”
Don’t worry. I am ready to accept all the negative hypothetical circumstances you come up with.
For example, I would say,
- 노래를 잘한다고 해서 모두가 가수가 되는 건 아니에요.
Just because you sing well does not mean you can be a singer.
② Please write something by using the narrative form, -(ㄴ/는)다 (do___).”
For example,
- 우리는 지금부터 방 청소를 한다.
We will clean the room now.
It just states the fact that we are going to do the clean-up.
③ Please tell me what someone said by using -(ㄴ/는)다는 (said that___/ I heard that-).
For example, I can say,
- 어제 제 친구는 아프다는 이유로 학교에 못 왔어요.
Yesterday, my friend could not come to school because he was not feeling well.
Pay attention that 아프다는 is modifying the noun 이유 “reason.”
And your homework comments are the source of my energy!
Please send me as many as you can!
The second assignment is memorizing vocabulary.
Please memorize 40 words from No. 41 to No. 80 on the first page of the Intermediate Vocabulary List.
After memorizing these 40 words, please try taking a quiz I’ve made available on my website.
That’s it!! You all are wonderful! I am so happy that you watched my video till the end. I know it isn’t very easy!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！ 한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！
Vocabulary Test : 40 Questions
