안녕하세요!! 토미입니다!
let’s have fun learning Korean today!
We are going to learn three grammatical expressions today.
The first one is causative verbs “to make someone do smth.”
The second one is [아/어 놓다/두다] “to do smth in advance.”
And the last one is [아/어 버리다], “to do one’s action completely.”
Korean people use these expressions quite frequently in their daily lives.
Let’s learn all the grammar and finish the intermediate class!
I’m sure you guys can make it!
Let’s be the super master of Korean!
그럼 시작할게요！
Causative Verbs
Here, I’m gonna explain causative verbs “to make someone do smth.”
If I say causative, it sounds difficult.
But you will quickly understand it after my explanation.
Causative verbs are verbs that cause someone to perform an action.
If verbs contain one of the following [-이-], [-히-], [-기-], [-리-], [-우(ㅣ우)-] attached to its stem of original verbs, these are going to be causative.
So, you can tell them.
Is there a rule for this?
Actually, there is no rule. So, it is faster for you to memorize these verbs.
I will show you the case of [이] first.
[먹다] is “to eat”.If you add [이] to its stem, it becomes [먹이다] “to feed.”
You are making someone eat, which means “to feed” in English.
Next is the case of [히].
[앉다] means “to sit”.If you add [히] in the middle, it becomes [앉히다] “to make someone sit.”
In the case of [리], [울다] is “to cry.”
If you add [리] in the middle, it becomes [울리다] “to make someone cry.”
In the case of [기], [웃다] is “to laugh.”
And it becomes [웃기다] “to make someone laugh.”
I will also explain in the case of [우]. [깨다] is “to wake up”.
It becomes [깨우다] “to wake someone up.”
And then, in the case of [ㅣ우], [자다] “to sleep” is a good example.
It becomes [재우다] “to make someone sleep.”
This is a chart of all causative verbs.
Please read it over and over again to memorize them.
You can also make causative verbs more easily.
It’s as easy as cooking instant noodles.
But it only applies to a verb, which ends with [하다] like [결혼하다] “to get married” and [청소하다] “to clean.”
In these verbs, you just change [하다] to [시키다].
Then you can make causative verbs.
For example, [결혼시키다] means “to make someone marry” and [청소시키다] means “to make someone clean.”
So now, let’s move on to example sentences and check causative verbs!
누가 이 아이를 울렸어?
Who made this kid cry?
You might hear this in kindergarten often, don’t you think?
In this sentence, [울렸어] is the past tense of [울리다] “to make someone cry.”
Let’s move on to the next sentence!
오빠가 아직도 자는데 제가 오빠를 깨울까요?
My brother is still asleep, but should I wake him up?
In this sentence, [깨다] “to wake up” becomes [깨우다] “to wake someone up. ”
Then let’s move on to the next example.
저기 놓인 꽃이 참 예쁘네요.
The flower left there looks so beautiful, doesn’t it?
In this example, [놓다] “to leave” becomes [놓이다] with [-이-] added in the middle and it means “to be left.”
Quiz
Now, let’s deepen our understanding more through some Quizzes.
Please select the correct answer.
손님들을 어디 ( )?
Where should we make customers sit?
(1)앉을까요? (2)앉힐까요?
The correct answer is number two.
In this sentence, [앉다] is “to sit.” [앉히다] means “to make someone sit.
Can be expressed with [-(으)ㄹ까요?].
So, it is going to be [앉힐까요?]
Okay, then let’s read it out loud together.
손님들을 어디 (앉힐까요)?
Please, read it at least three times.
Let’s move on to the next quiz!
차가 없는데 저를 좀 ( ) 주실 수 있으세요?
I don”t have a car, so could you let me ride in your car?
(1)태워 (2)타
The correct answer is number one.
[타다] is “to ride” and [태우다] is “to let someone ride.”
If you are asking for a favor, you can say [태워 주다], so the correct answer is [태워 주실 수 있으세요?] “Could you let me ride?”
Then let’s read it like you’re actually asking a favor.
차가 없는데 저를 좀 ( 태워 ) 주실 수 있으세요?
Please read it at least three times.
-아/어 놓다/두다
Then, let’s move on to the next grammar.
[-아/어 놓다] and [-아/어 두다] mean “to do something in advance,” or “to have it done beforehand.”
[-아/어 놓다] and [-아/어 두다] have quite the same meaning.So, from now, to explain efficiently, I will mainly say [-아/어 놓다].
About the conjugation, you remove [요] from and add [놓다].
For example, in the case of [사다] “to buy”, [사요] is the [요] form.
So, you remove [요] from it, and add [놓다] to make [사 놓다], which means “to buy something beforehand.”
I will give you one more example. [넣다] is “to put something inside.”
Its [요] form is [넣어요], so you remove [요] from it, add [놓다] to make [넣어 놓다].
It means “to put something inside beforehand.”
For additional note, [놓다] and [두다] can be abbreviated especially when it’s spoken.
[놓다] in the [요] form is [놓아요].This [놓아] becomes [놔].
Similarly, [두다] in [요] form is [두어요].
It becomes [둬요] when it’s shortened.
So now, let’s see some example sentences to deepen our understanding.
요리는 제가 만들어 놓을게요.
I’ll cook them beforehand.
It’s a really sweet sentence that she is going to cook it beforehand for you.
In this sentence, [만들다] is “to cook.”
Its [요] form is [만들어요], so you remove [요] and add [놓다] to make [만들어 놓다] “to cook beforehand.”
Let’s move on to the next example.
그 책들은 내 책상 위에 놔 두세요.
Please, just leave the book on my desk in advance.
Wow, in this sentence, look at the part of [놔 두세요].
Both [놓다] and [두다] are used here, and Korean people use this expression quite often.
Let’s check it out! [놓다] is “to put.”
Its [요] form is [놓아요], so you remove [요] and add [두다] to make [놓아 두다] “to leave it in advance.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding more through some quizzes.
Please, select the correct answer for blank.
동생한테는 제가 ( ).
I’ve already contacted my sister beforehand.
(1)연락해 놨어요 (2)연락해 두세요.
The correct answer is number one.
In this example,[연락하다] is “to contact.”
And its 요 form is [연락해요].
So, you remove [요] and add [놓다] instead to make [연락해 놓다],”contact in advance.”
You want to say it happened in the past, so you use a past tense and say [연락해 놓았어요]. Also, [놓았어요] can be abbreviated into [놨어요], and this is why it’s [연락해 놨어요] in the sentence.
Number two is the wrong answer because it means “Please contact in advance.”
Therefore, it’s not in the past tense. Okay, then let’s read it out loud together.
동생한테는 제가 ( 연락해 놨어요).
Please read it at least three times. Then, let’s move on to the next quiz.
생선은 꼭 냉장고에 ( ).
Please make sure to put fish in the refrigerator.
(1)놓아 두세요. (2)넣어 두세요
It can be quite confusing.I gave you a tricky one.
But, yes. The correct answer is number two.
The number one, [놓다] means “to put sth on ~”, so it doesn’t mean “to put sth in ~.”
These two verbs are pronounced similarly, so it’s difficult to use them properly.
So, you remove [요] from it and add [두다] to make [넣어 두다].
It means “to have put it inside beforehand.”
In addition, you want to say “please do smt”, so you use [-(으)세요] and say [넣어 두세요]. Okay, then let’s read it out loud together.
생선은 꼭 냉장고에 (넣어 두세요).
Again, please read it at least three times.
-아/어 버리다
Last but not least, let’s see the next grammar, [아/어 버리다]!
The original meaning of [버리다] is “to throw away.”
However, when you use this as a grammar such as [아/어 버리다], it adds a meaning of regret, like “I did it, but I shouldn’t have done it.”
So, it often follows with negative consequences.
In addition, it also has a meaning of commission or dedication, like “to do it completely” or “to make it done.”
About the conjugation, you remove [요] from [요] form and add [버리다] instead.
So, for [가다] “to go,” its [요] form is [가요].
So you remove [요] from it and add [버리다] intead to make [가 버리다] “to be gone.”
In the case of [먹다] “to eat,” [먹어요] is the [요] form.
You remove [요] from it, and add [버리다] to make [먹어 버리다] “to eat up.”
Then let’s see some examples.
쓰레기는 다 치워 버려도 되죠?
Is it okay to clean all the garbage away?
In this example, [치우다] is “to clean.”
Its [요] form is [치워요].
So, you remove [요] from it and add [버리다] instead to make [치워 버리다].
It means “to clean them all away.”
[치우다] itself means “to clean” but [치워 버리다] means more like “clean something all away.”Now, let’s see the next sentence.
친구한테 연락이 없어서 그냥 자 버렸어요.
I didn’t get a call from my friend, so I just fell asleep.
Here, [자다] is “to sleep”.
The [요] form is [자요]. So, you remove [요] and add [버리다] instead to make [자 버리다], “to fall asleep in the end.”
Quiz
So now, let’s solve some quizzes.
Please select the correct answer for blank.
돈을 벌써 다 ( )?
Did you use up all the money already?
(1)써 버렸어 (2)쓰 버렸어?
If you use up all the money, it is gonna be a nightmare.
It’s horrible. But now, let’s check the answer in Korean!
The correct answer is number one.
In this sentence, [쓰다] is “to use.” Its [요] form is [써요].
So, you remove [요] from it and add [버리다] instead to make [써 버리다].
It means “to use up something.” In this sentence, you want to say it in the past tense, so you can use [-ㅆ-] and say [써 버렸어].
Okay, then let’s read it out loud together.
돈을 벌써 다 (써 버렸어)?
Please read it at least three times, imagining that your friends spend all of his money.
Then, let’s move on to the next quiz.
바람이 들어오지 않게 창문을 ( ).
To prevent a wind from coming in, let’s just get the window closed.
(1)닫아 버려요. (2)닫아 봐요.
The correct answer is number one.
[닫다] is “to close.” Its [요] form is [닫아요].
So, you remove [요] from it and add [버리다] to make [닫아 버리다].
It means “to get it closed completely.” You want to say “let’s do something”, so you can just change the ending into [요] form and say [닫아 버려요].
In this way, although this grammar is usually used to express regret, you can use it to mean “just do it! Just get it done!” as well.
Okay, then let’s read it loud together.
바람이 들어오지 않게 창문을(닫아 버려요).
Please read it several times, imagining that your friend is asking you to close the window.
Homework
So, I think you guys did a great job so far.
Then, I’m gonna give you a present of homework for you.
가나다라바마사 아자차카 타파하!
Come on homework!
The first homework is to write three sentences using today’s grammar.
So, for the first sentence, let’s write about something you did to someone.
For example, I would write,
- 오늘은 날이 너무 추워서 아이 옷을 두껍게 입혔어요.
Because the weather was very cold today, I put on several layers of clothes for my children.
For the second sentence, let’s use the grammar of -아/어 놓다 or -아/어 두다, “do it beforehand.”
For example, I would write,
- 여러분, 숙제 다 해 놔야 돼요！
Everybody, you have to finish all your homework beforehand!
I am sure you will do it !
For the third sentence, let’s use 아/어 버리다 “to get it done completely.”
For example,
- 저 초콜릿 유통기한은 오늘까지니까 빨리 먹어 버리자!
The expiration date of that chocolate is today, so just eat it up quickly!
I would love in this kind of situation that I can eat chocolates as much as I want.
By the way, I’m so encouraged by your homework comments, so please send me lots of homework. OK?
And, the second homework is to memorize new words.
Please memorize the forty words from number 121 to number 160 on page two in the intermediate vocabulary words.
There is a vocabulary quiz of the forty words on my website, so after you memorize them, just feel free to try it.
I wrote the link in the description box.
That’s all for today. Good job, guys!! High five!!!
I want to give you big thumbs up for your good job.
I’m so glad to see your commitment to improve your Korean.
I’m always here to support your Korean learning! And don’t forget, have a lot of fun learning Korean!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！
한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！
