안녕하세요!! 토미입니다!
Let’s have fun learning Korean today!
We are going to learn three grammatical expressions today.
① The causative verb “to make someone do something”
② -아/어 놓다/두다 “to do something in advance”
③ -아/어 버리다 “to do one’s action completely”
Korean people use these expressions quite frequently in their daily lives.
Let’s learn all the grammar and finish the intermediate lessons!
I’m sure you guys can make it!
Let’s be the super master of Korean!
그럼 시작할게요！
Causative Verbs
Verb(stem) + 이다, 히다, 기다, 리다, 우다(ㅣ우)
I will explain the causative verb “to make someone do something.”
If I say causative, it sounds complicated.
But you will quickly understand it after my explanation.
Causative verbs are verbs that cause someone to act.
If verbs contain one of the following -이-, -히-, -기-, -리-, -우 (ㅣ우)- attached to the stem of original verbs, these are going to be causative.
So, you can tell them.
Student A: Is there a rule for this?
There is no rule. So it is faster for you to memorize these verbs.
I will show you the case of 이 first.
먹다 is “to eat.”
- If you add 이 to its stem, it becomes 먹이다 “to feed.”
You are making someone eat, which means “to feed” in English.
- Next is the case of 히.
앉다 means “to sit”.
If you add 히 in the middle, it becomes 앉히다 “to make someone sit.”
- In the case of 리, 울다 is “to cry.”
If you add 리 in the middle, it becomes 울리다 “to make someone cry.”
- In the case of 기, 웃다 is “to laugh.”
And it becomes 웃기다 “to make someone laugh.”
- I will also explain in the case of 우. 깨다 is “to wake up”.
It becomes 깨우다 “to wake someone up.”
- And then, in the case of ㅣ우, 자다 “to sleep” is a good example.
It becomes 재우다 “to make someone sleep.”
This is a chart of all causative verbs.
Please read it over and over again to memorize it.
You can also make causative verbs more easily.
It’s as easy as cooking instant noodles.
But it only applies to a verb that ends with 하다, like 결혼하다 “to get married” and 청소하다 “to clean.”
In these verbs, you change 하다 to 시키다.
Then, you can make causative verbs.
For example, 결혼시키다 means “to make someone marry,” and 청소시키다 means “to make someone clean.”
So now, let’s move on to example sentences and check causative verbs!
이: Example 1
우리 집 강아지가 진짜 귀여운데 사진 보여 줄까?
My dog is really cute. Should I show you a picture?
보다 “to see” becomes 보이다 with -이- added in the middle, and it means “to feed.”
히: Example 2
아직 잠이 덜 깬 아이에게 옷을 갈아입히고 식탁에 앉혔다.
I changed the clothes of the still half-asleep child and sat him down at the table.
입다 “to wear” becomes 입히다 with -히- added in the middle, and it means “to make someone wear.”
앉다 “to sit” becomes 앉히다 with -히- added in the middle, and it means “to make someone sit.”
리: Example 3
누가 이 아이를 울렸어?
Who made this kid cry?
You might hear this in kindergarten often, don’t you think?
In this sentence, 울렸어 is the past tense of 울리다 “to make someone cry.”
Let’s move on to the following sentence!
기: Example 4
한국에서는 무한리필 집에서 음식을 남기면 환경 부담금이라는 돈을 내야 된대.
In Korea, you must pay an environmental fee if you leave food behind at an all-you-can-eat restaurant.
In this sentence, 남다 “to leave” becomes 남기다 “to make someone leave.”
우: Example 5
오빠가 아직도 자는데 제가 오빠를 깨울까요?
My brother is still asleep, but should I wake him up?
In this sentence, 깨다 “to wake up” becomes 깨우다 “to wake someone up.”
Then, let’s move on to the following example.
시키다: Example 6
교수님은 학생들에게 연구 결과를 발표시켰어요.
The professor had the students present their research results.
발표하다 “present,” you change 하다 to 시키다, it becomes “to make present.”
시키다: Example 7
상사는 직원들에게 사무실을 청소시켰다.
The boss ordered his employee to clean the office.
청소하다 “clean,” you change 하다 to 시키다, it becomes “to make clean.”
Quiz
Now, let’s deepen our understanding through some quizzes.
Please select the correct answer.
1. 손님들을 어디 ( )?
Where should we sit the customers?
(1)앉을까요? (2)앉힐까요?
The correct answer is number two.
In this sentence, 앉다 is “to sit.” 앉히다 means “to make someone sit.
This can be expressed with -(으)ㄹ까요?.
So, it is going to be 앉힐까요?
Okay, then, let’s read it out loud together.
손님들을 어디 (앉힐까요)?
Please read it at least three times.
Let’s move on to the following quiz!
2. 차가 없는데 저를 좀 ( ) 주실 수 있으세요?
I don’t have a car, so could you let me ride in your car?
(1)태워 (2)타
The correct answer is number one.
타다 is “to ride,” and 태우다 is “to let someone ride.”
If you are asking for a favor, you can say 태워 주다, so the correct answer is 태워 주실 수 있으세요? “Could you let me ride?”
Then let’s read it like you’re actually asking a favor.
차가 없는데 저를 좀 ( 태워 ) 주실 수 있으세요?
Please read it at least three times.
-아/어 놓다/두다
Verbs + 아/어 놓다
Verbs + 아/어 두다
Then, let’s move on to the following grammar.
-아/어 놓다 and -아/어 두다 mean “to do something in advance” or “to have it done beforehand.”
-아/어 놓다 and -아/어 두다 have quite the same meaning.
So, from now on, to explain efficiently, I will mainly say -아/어 놓다.
About the conjugation, you remove 요 from and add 놓다.
- For example, in the case of 사다 (to buy), 사요 is the 요 form.
So, you remove 요 from it and add 놓다 to make 사 놓다, which means “to buy something beforehand.”
- I will give you one more example. 넣다 is “to put something inside.”
Its 요 form is 넣어요, so you remove 요 from it and add 놓다 to make 넣어 놓다.
It means “to put something inside beforehand.”
For additional note, 놓다 and 두다 can be abbreviated, mainly when they’re spoken.
놓다 in the 요 form is 놓아요.
This 놓아 becomes 놔.
Similarly, 두다 in 요 form is 두어요.
It becomes 둬요 when it’s shortened.
So now, let’s see some example sentences to deepen our understanding.
Verb: Example 1
요리는 제가 만들어 놓을게요.
I’ll cook them beforehand.
It’s a lovely sentence that she will cook for you beforehand.
In this sentence, 만들다 is “to cook.”
Its 요 form is 만들어요, so you remove 요 and add 놓다 to make 만들어 놓다 “to cook beforehand.”
Let’s move on to the following example.
Verb: Example 2
그 책들은 내 책상 위에 놔두세요.
Please, leave the book on my desk in advance.
Wow, in this sentence, look at the part of 놔두세요.
Both 놓다 and 두다 are used here, and Korean people use this expression quite often.
Let’s check it out! 놓다 is “to put.”
Its 요 form is 놓아요, so you remove 요 and add 두다 to make 놓아두다 “to leave it in advance.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding through some quizzes.
Please select the correct answer blank.
1. 동생한테는 제가 ( ).
I’ve already contacted my sister beforehand.
(1)연락해 놨어요 (2)연락해 두세요.
The correct answer is number one.
In this example, 연락하다 is “to contact.”
And its 요 form is 연락해요.
So, you remove 요 and add 놓다 instead to make 연락해 놓다 “contact in advance.”
You want to say it happened in the past, so you use the past tense and say 연락해 놓았어요. Also, 놓았어요 can be abbreviated into 놨어요, and this is why it’s 연락해 놨어요 in the sentence.
Number two is wrong because it means “Please contact in advance.”
Therefore, it’s not in the past tense. Okay, then, let’s read it out loud together.
동생한테는 제가 (연락해 놨어요).
Please read it at least three times. Then, let’s move on to the following quiz.
2. 생선은 꼭 냉장고에 ( ).
Please make sure to put the fish in the refrigerator.
(1)놓아 두세요. (2)넣어 두세요
It can be unclear. I gave you a tricky one.
But, yes. The correct answer is number two.
The number one, 놓다, means “to put sth on ~,” so it doesn’t mean “to put sth in ~.”
These two verbs are pronounced similarly, so using them correctly is challenging.
넣다 means “to put something inside,” and its 요 form is 넣어요.
So, you remove 요 from it and add 두다 to make 넣어두다.
It means “to have put it inside beforehand.”
In addition, you want to say “please do something,” so you use -(으)세요 and say 넣어 두세요. Okay, then, let’s read it out loud together.
생선은 꼭 냉장고에 (넣어두세요.)
Again, please read it at least three times.
-아/어 버리다
Verbs + 아/어 버리다
Last but not least, let’s see the next grammar, -아/어 버리다!
The original meaning of 버리다 is “to throw away.”
However, when you use this as a grammar, such as -아/어 버리다, it adds the meaning of regret, like “I did it, but I shouldn’t have done it.”
So, it often follows with negative consequences.
In addition, it also means commission or dedication, like “to do it completely” or “to make it done.”
About the conjugation, you remove 요 from the ‘요 form’ and add 버리다 instead.
So, for 가다 “to go, its 요 form is 가요.
So you remove 요 from it and add 버리다 instead to make 가 버리다 “to be gone.”
In the case of 먹다 “to eat,” 먹어요 is the 요 form.
You remove 요 from it and add 버리다 to make 먹어 버리다 “to eat up.”
Then, let’s see some examples.
Verb: Example 1
이건 다 치워 버려도 되죠?
Is it okay to clean all of these?
In this example, 치우다 is “to clean.”
Its 요 form is 치워요.
So, you remove 요 from it and add 버리다 instead to make 치워 버리다.
It means “to clean them all away.”
치우다 itself means “to clean,” but 치워 버리다 means more like “clean something all away.”
Now, let’s see the following sentence.
Verb: Example 2
친구한테 연락이 없어서 그냥 자 버렸어요.
I didn’t get a call from my friend, so I fell asleep.
Here, 자다 is “to sleep.”
The 요 form is 자요. So, you remove 요 and add 버리다 instead to make 자 버리다 (to fall asleep in the end).
Quiz
So now, let’s solve some quizzes.
Please select the correct answer for the blank.
1. 돈을 벌써 다 ( )?
Did you use up all the money already?
(1)써 버렸어 (2)쓰 버렸어?
If you use up all the money, it will be a nightmare.
It isn’t enjoyable. But now, let’s check the answer in Korean!
The correct answer is number one.
In this sentence, 쓰다 is “to use.” Its 요 form is 써요.
So, you remove 요 from it and add 버리다 instead to make 써 버리다.
It means “to use up something.” In this sentence, you want to say it in the past tense so that you can use -ㅆ- and say 써 버렸어.
Okay, then, let’s read it out loud together.
돈을 벌써 다 (써 버렸어)?
Please read it at least three times, and imagine your friends spending all their money.
Then, let’s move on to the following quiz.
2. 바람이 들어오지 않게 창문을 ( ).
Let’s close the window to prevent the wind from coming in.
(1)닫아 버려요. (2)닫아 봐요.
The correct answer is number one.
닫다 is “to close.” Its 요 form is 닫아요.
So, you remove 요 from it and add 버리다 to make 닫아 버리다.
It means “to get it closed completely.” You want to say, “Let’s do something,” so you can change the ending into 요 form and say 닫아 버려요.
In this way, although this grammar is usually used to express regret, you can use it to mean “just do it! Just get it done!” as well.
Okay, then let’s read it loud together.
바람이 들어오지 않게 창문을(닫아 버려요).
Please read it several times, imagining your friend asking you to close the window.
Homework
So, you guys did a great job so far.
Then, I’m gonna give you a present of homework.
가나다라바마사 아자차카 타파하!
Come on, homework!
The first homework is to write three sentences using today’s grammar.
① Let’s write about something you did to someone.
For example, I would write,
- 오늘은 날이 너무 추워서 아이 옷을 두껍게 입혔어요.
Because the weather was freezing today, I put on several layers of clothes for my children.
② Let’s use the grammar of -아/어 놓다 or -아/어 두다, “do it beforehand.”
For example, I would write,
- 여러분, 숙제 다 해 놔야 돼요！
Everybody, you have to finish all your homework beforehand!
I am sure you will do it!
③ Let’s use -아/어 버리다 “to get it done completely.”
For example,
- 저 초콜릿 유통기한은 오늘까지니까 빨리 먹어 버리자!
The expiration date of that chocolate is today, so eat it up quickly!
I would love to eat as many chocolates as possible in this situation.
I’m so encouraged by your comments on your homework, so please send me lots of homework. OK?
The second homework assignment is to memorize new words.
Please memorize the forty words from number 121 to number 160 on page two in the intermediate vocabulary words.
My website has a vocabulary quiz for forty words, so feel free to try it after you memorize them.
I wrote the link in the description box.
That’s all for today. Good job, guys!! High five!!!
I want to give you a big thumbs up for your good job.
I’m so glad to see your commitment to improving your Korean.
I’m always here to support you in learning Korean! And don’t forget, have a lot of fun learning Korean!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！
한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！
Vocabulary Test : 40 Questions
