안녕하세요! 토미입니다.
let’s have fun learning Korean together!
We are going to learn three grammar today. The first one is -(으)ㄴ 채(로) “while, with.”
The second one is -(으)ㄹ 만큼 “as much as.” And the last one is -는 반면(에) “whereas.”
After you learn today’s grammar, you will be able to tell your favorite k-pop idols or actors something like 죽을 만큼 사랑해요, “I love you as much as I would die for you”!
Wow!! That’s gonna be a very impressive sentence, right?
So, let’s learn lots of useful expressions, finish the intermediate class together and pass TOPIK 2!
I’m sure you can achieve your goal and be the super master of Korean!
그럼 시작할게요! ！
–(으)ㄴ 채(로)
So, first, you can use -(으)ㄴ 채(로) for mainly verbs and it means “while one situation continues, something else happens.”
It’s hard to come up with an exact English translation of -(으)ㄴ 채(로) that applies to all situations. The most common translations are “with” or “while.”
For example,
The mother went into the kitchen with a hat on her head. You can also say this as,
The mother went into the kitchen while wearing a hat.
As you can see I am expressing that one situation continues while something else is also happening by using “while” or “with.”
Basically, you use this grammar in the past tense, and you cannot apply future tense and present-tense forms.
Then let’s look at each conjugation for verbs and nouns.
First of all, in the case of verbs, if a verb doesn’t have a final consonant, you use -ㄴ 채(로), and if one does, you use -은 채(로).
For example, 쓰다 is “to wear.” Since it doesn’t have a final consonant, you add -ㄴ 채(로) to make 쓴 채(로), “while wearing.”
For 먹다 “to eat,” since it has a final consonant, you add -은 채(로) and say 먹은 채(로), “while eating.”
Next is the conjugation of nouns. You can just use -인 채(로) regardless of a final consonant.
For example, 친구 becomes 친구인 채(로) “while (he) is a friend.” And 미완성 “being not yet complete” becomes 미완성인 채(로) “while it’s not yet completed.”
Also, as you can see there are parentheses on 로, you can omit it or just keep it. The meaning will be the same.
Then let’s look at a sentence.
그는 눈을 감은 채 소파에 누워 있었다.
He lay down on a bed with his eyes closed.
In this sentence, 감다 “to close” is a verb with a final consonant.
So, you use -은 채 here to say 감은 채 “with his eyes closed.” Let’s move on to the next question.
고양이가 아침에 집을 나간 채 아직도 안 돌아왔다.
A cat hasn’t come back yet while it went out in the morning.
In this sentence, 나가다 “to go out” is a verb.
You add -ㄴ 채 to make 나간 채 “while (a cat) went out.” Let’s look at the next example.
경찰은 미해결인 채로 사건 수사를 종료했다.
The police stopped the investigation of a case with it unsolved.
In this sentence, 미해결 is a noun, which means “being unsolved.” You can attach 인 채로 to make 미해결인 채로 “with it unsolved.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
여기는 신발을 ( ) 들어가도 돼요?
May I come in with my shoes worn?
(1)벗은 채로 (2)신은 채로
The correct answer is number two.
신다 is “to put on (shoes)” and it’s a verb with a final consonant.
So, you use -은 채로 and say 신은 채로.
Number one is 벗은 채로, which means “with my shoes taken off,” so it means the opposite of the translation. Therefore, it is wrong.
Okay, then let’s read it together.
여기는 신발을 (신은 채로) 들어가도 돼요?
Please, read it several times, until you can use this sentence in a real situation.
Then let’s move on to the next quiz.
우리 이렇게 ( ) 이야기하지 말고 좀 앉아서 얘기해요.
Why don’t we sit and talk instead, rather than standing and talking like this?
(1)일어선 채로 (2)선 채로
The correct answer is number two.
I tried to make this quiz a bit tricky this time but how was it?
Here, 서다 “to stand” is a verb without a final consonant.
So, you use -ㄴ 채로 and say 선 채로.
The number one is the wrong answer because 일어서다 means “to stand up.”
You use this word to describe the right moment you are standing up like this.
So, it’s difficult to just imagine talking while standing up, so it’s wrong.
Okay, then let’s read it together.
우리 이렇게 (선 채로) 이야기하지 말고 좀 앉아서 얘기해요.
Please, read it several times to express your thoughts to your friend.
-(으)ㄹ 만큼
So, now let’s look at the second grammar.
-(으)ㄹ 만큼 follows verbs and means “as much as.”
Let’s look at the conjugation.
You have to use -ㄹ 만큼 if a verb doesn’t have a final consonant, and -을 만큼 if one does.
For example, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant, so you use -ㄹ 만큼 and say 갈 만큼, “as much as you go.”
Also, 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant, so you use -을 만큼 and say 먹을 만큼, “as much as you eat.”
Then let’s look at an example sentence.
난 배가 터질 만큼 먹었으니까 니가 다 먹어.
I have eaten as much as my stomach is going to explode, so you can eat them all.
In this sentence, 터지다 means “to explode” and it doesn’t have a final consonant, so you attach -ㄹ 만큼 to say 터질 만큼 “as much as it explodes.”
Then let’s look at the next sentence.
그 방에는 발 디딜 틈이 없을 만큼 사람이 많이 있었다.
There were so many people in the room that there was no place to step in.
In this sentence, 발 디딜 틈이 없다 is an idiom meaning “you can’t walk through it” or “there is no place to step in.”
Native speakers often use this phrase as well, so please try to memorize it.
And the verb 없다 “there is no” has a final consonant, so you use -을 만큼 to make 발 디딜 틈이 없을 만큼, “as much as there is no place to step in.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
어느새 ( ) 한국어 실력이 늘었네요.
Your Korean skill has surprisingly improved before I realized it.
(1)놀랐을 만큼 (2)놀랄 만큼
The correct answer is number two.
놀라다 is “to be surprised” and it doesn’t have a final consonant.
So you can use -ㄹ 만큼 and say 놀랄 만큼 “as much as I was surprised.”
It is better to translate it as “surprisingly (improved) before I realized it.”
The number one is incorrect because It is unnatural to combine it with a past tense.
By the way, I hope you can receive that kind of a sweet compliment in the future.
Ok. Let’s read it out loud together!
어느새 (놀랄 만큼) 한국어 실력이 늘었네요.
Please, read it at least three times, imagining your teacher would say this to you.
Then let’s look at the next quiz.
우린 둘이서 어디 ( ) 친하지 않아요.
We’re not close enough to hang out together.
(1)놀러 갈 만큼 (2)놀러 간 만큼
The correct answer is number one.
In this sentence, 놀다 is “to play.” To make it “to hang out,” you can use the grammar, -(으)러 가다 “to do something” and say 놀러 가다 “to hang out.”
Since 놀러 가다 doesn’t have a final consonant, so you can add -ㄹ 만큼 and say 놀러 갈 만큼 “close enough to hang out.”
The number two 놀러 간 만큼 means “as much as we hung out,” which is in the past tense, so it is different from the translation.
Then let’s read it together.
우린 둘이서 어디 (놀러 갈 만큼) 친하지 않아요.
please, read it several times, expressing your emotions to your friend. OK?
-는 반면(에)
Then let’s move on to the last grammar.
반면 means “the other side” and you can use this grammar with the attributive form of verbs and adjectives.
The meaning is “in contrast” or “whereas.”
In the case of present tense for verbs, you use -는 반면(에) “do (smth) whereas.”
For past tense for verbs, you use -(으)ㄴ 반면(에) “did (smth) whereas.”
In the case of adjectives, -(으)ㄴ 반면(에) means “it is ~ whereas.”
In the case of nouns, you use -인 반면(에) “in contrast with ~.”
The particle -에 is often used together although it can be abbreviated.
By using this grammar, the structure becomes like A 반면에 B. You can use this grammar when the content of part A and B are the exact opposite.
So here is a good example sentence.
그 친구는 한국어를 잘하는 반면에 영어는 좀 못해요.
That kid is good at Korean, whereas he is not that good at English.
In this sentence, as 잘하다 “to be good at” is a verb, you attach -는 반면에 to make 잘하는 반면에, “is good (at Korean), whereas.”
If you look at the English translation of 잘하다 “to be good at,” you might think this is an adjective, but in Korean, 잘하다 is a verb, so be careful!
As you can see, the content in the first half says “That kid is good at Korean” and the last half is saying the opposite, which is “he is not that good at English.”
These two sentences are connected through 는 반면에. Do you get it?
Ok, then let’s look at the next example.
최근에 매장 매출은 하락한 반면에 온라인 샵 매출은 올랐다.
Recently store sales declined, whereas online shop sales increased.
In this sentence, 하락하다 is a verb meaning “to decline.”
Here you want to say the past tense, “declined,” so you attach -ㄴ 반면에 to make 하락한 반면에, “declined, whereas.”
Crystal Clear?
Let’s look at the next sentence.
이 제품은 비싼 반면에 성능이 굉장히 좋습니다.
This product is expensive, whereas it has a good quality.
In this sentence, 비싸다 “to be expensive” is an adjective which does not have a final consonant. So, you attach -ㄴ 반면에 to make 비싼 반면에, “it is expensive, whereas.” OK?
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding more through some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
우리 동생은 키가 ( ) 반면에 체력은 있어요.
My younger brother is short, whereas he has good physical strength.
(1)작은 (2)낮은
The correct answer is number one.
The right expression to describe one’s height is 키가 작다 or 크다, “to be short” or “to be tall.”
And, 작다 “to be short” is an adjective, which does not have a final consonant.
So, you attach -ㄴ 반면에 to make 작은 반면에 “(My younger brother) is short, whereas.”
Number two is wrong because Korean people don’t say 키가 낮다.
It’s always 키가 작다. Ok?
Be careful not to be confused by these two.
Now, let’s read it out loud together.
우리 동생은 키가 (작은) 반면에 체력은 있어요.
Please, read it several times, imagining that you are introducing your brother to your friend.
Let’s move on to the next quiz!
배편은 시간이 오래 ( ) 반면에 가격이 싸요.
Sea mail takes time, whereas the price is cheaper.
(1)걸리는 (2)걸린
The correct answer is number one. 시간이 걸리다 is “to take time.” 걸리다 is a verb, so you can add -는 반면에 to make the present tense.
Therefore, you say 걸리는 반면에 “takes time, whereas.”
The number two, 걸린 반면 is the past tense, which means “took time, whereas.” It doesn’t match with the translation, therefore, number two is incorrect.
Okay, then let’s read it together.
배편은 시간이 오래 (걸리는 ) 반면에 가격이 싸요.
Please, read it several times, imagining that you are describing two opposite things in one sentence.
Homework
Then I’m going to give you wonderful homework.
앞으로도 승승장구! Keep winning! Homework, come on!
The first assignment is to write three sentences in the comment section, using the grammar we learned today.
So, first, please use -(으)ㄴ 채(로) “while, with” and tell me what you did while a situation continued. I would make a sentence like,
어제는 스케줄이 너무 바빠서 화장한 채로 자 버렸어요.
Yesterday, my schedule was so packed that I fell asleep while I was wearing makeup.
Oh no, it is terrible I fall asleep with makeup on.
The next morning, I realized I got panda eyes. Do you have that kind of experience?
Please, tell me in the comment section.
For the second sentence, please write a sentence with -(으)ㄹ 만큼 “as much as.”
For example,
매일 매일 생각이 들 만큼 여러분들을 사랑해요.
I love you guys as much as you guys are always on my mind.
Yes! I made this sentence because I’m always thinking about diligent students like you guys.
For the third sentence, please use -는 반면(에) “whereas.” Please, contrast two things in one sentence.
For example,
도시는 교통이 잘 되어 있어서 편리한 반면에 공기는 시골 만큼 좋지는 않아요.
In big cities, the traffic is well organized and everything is convenient, whereas the air is not as clean as in the countryside.
I’m so encouraged by your comments about homework!
Please send me more and more sentences you made.
And, the second homework is to memorize new words.
Please memorize the forty words from number 281 to number 320 on page 4 in the intermediate vocabulary.
There is a vocabulary quiz of forty words on my website, so just feel free to try it. The link is in the description box.
That’s it for today. Thank you for doing your best today as well.
As you keep learning every day like this, I am sure that a bright future will be ahead of you!
I’m always here to support you! And don’t forget. Have fun learning Korean!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！
한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！
