안녕하세요. 토미입니다.
Let’s have fun learning Korean today!
Today’s grammar is 1) -(으)려던 참이다 “be just about to”, 2) -(으)려면 “if (you) intend to do ~” and 3) -(으)로 인해(서) “due to.”
After you learn these grammatical expressions, you will be able to describe some actions, which you are just about to take, such as
토미 씨, 뭐해요?
What are you doing, Tammy?
한국드라마를 보려던 참이었어요.
I was just about to watch a Korean drama.
By studying these intermediate expressions, I am sure you can pass TOPIK 2 level 4 and be a super master of Korean!
그럼 시작할게요！
–(으)려던 참이다
The first grammar, -(으)려던 참이다 means “be just about to.”
You can use it to tell a situation when you were just about to take an action.
In the expression of -(으)려던, -던 means something unfinished or incomplete.
In addition, this grammar has a word 참.
When I just started to study Korean, I thought 참 meant “true”, so I was wondering “What is true about this sentence?” You know.
It brings back memories.
Here, 참 has one more meaning, which is “a moment you do something.”
That’s why this grammar uses 참.
And Korean people often use this grammar -려던 참이다 with 그렇지 않아도, 안 그래도 “even before you said that” or 막 “just.”
About the usage of -(으)려던 참이다, you mainly apply this grammar with verbs.
If a verb stem does not have a final consonant, you attach -려던 참이다.
For example, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant, so you attach 려던 참이다 to the stem to make 가려던 참이다 “just about to go.”
And if a verb stem has a final consonant, you attach -으려던 참이다.
For example, 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant.
So, you attach 으려던 참이다 to the stem to make 먹으려던 참이다 “just about to eat.”
Now, let’s read a sample sentence.
그렇지 않아도 지금 막 전화하려던 참이었어요.
Even before you said that, I was just about to call now.
Here, 전화하다 “to call” is a verb, which does not have a final consonant.
So, you add -려던 참이다 to make 전화하려던 참이다 “(I) was just about to call.”
This sentence well describes the situation with the words like 그렇지 않아도 “even before you said that” and 막 “just now.”
Let’s look at the next example sentence in a dialogue.
ㄱ: 왜 거기 서 있어요? 앉으세요.
Why are you standing there? Please have a seat.
ㄴ: 안 그래도 앉으려던 참이었어요.
Even before you said that, I was just about to sit down.
Sounds like they are fighting, right?
Here, 앉다 “to sit down” is a verb which has a final consonant.
So, you add -으려던 참이다 to make 앉으려던 참이다 “was about to sit down.”
Let’s look at the next sentence.
저도 나가려던 참이었는데 잘 됐네요.
I was just about to go out, so it was good timing.
Maybe in this situation, he just bumped into someone, right?
Here, 나가다 “to go out” is a verb which does not have a final consonant.
So, you add -려던 참이다 to make 나가려던 참이다 “(I) was just about to go out.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
지금 막 ( ).
I was just about to leave now.
(1)출발하려던 참이었어요. (2)출발하던 참이었어요.
The correct answer is number one.
Here, 출발하다 “to leave, to depart” is a verb, which does not have a final consonant.
So, you add -려던 참이었어요 to make 출발하려던 참이었어요 “(I) was just about to leave.”
Number two is wrong because there is no expression like “출발하던 참이었어요.”
Then, let’s read it together!
지금 막 (출발하려던 참이었어요 ).
Please, read this part at least three times!
Then, let’s look at the next quiz.
아이들 간식을 ( ).
I was just about to make snacks for kids.
(1)만들려던 참이에요. (2)만들었던 참이에요.
The correct answer is number one. 만들다 “to make” has a final consonant ㄹ, right?
So, in this case, even though 만들다 has a final consonant, you add -려던 참이에요 to make 만들려던 참이에요.
Number two is wrong because it is grammatically incorrect.
Then, let’s read it together!
아이들 간식을 (만들려던 참이에요).
Please read this part at least three times!
-(으)려면
Let’s move on to the second grammar!
-(으)려면 means “if (I) intend to do ~, if (I) want to do ~.”
Korean people often use this grammar with -아/어야 하다, 아/어야 되다“have to〜” or imperative sentences such as (으)세요 “please, do something.”
-(으)려면 follows verbs and if a verb stem does not have a final consonant, you attach -려면.
For example, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant, so you attach 려면 to the stem to make 가려면 “if (I) intend to go.”
If a verb stem has a final consonant, you attach -으려면.
For example, 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant, so you attach -으려면 to make 먹으려면 “if (I) intend to eat.”
Then, let’s read a sample sentence.
서울역으로 가는 버스를 타려면 어디로 가야 돼요?
If I intend to take a bus heading to Seoul station, where should I go?
Here, 타다 “to take (a vehicle)” is a verb, which does not have a final consonant.
So, you add -려면 to make 타려면 “if I intend to take.” Let’s look at the next sentence.
예쁜 야경 사진을 찍으려면 한강으로 가세요.
If you intend to take pictures of a beautiful night view, please go to Hangang River.
Here, 찍다 “to take (a picture)” is a verb which has a final consonant.
So, you add -으려면 to make 찍으려면 “if you intend to take.” As you can see, 가세요 means “Please, go” and this is a polite way of an imperative sentence.
Let’s look at the next sentence.
한국에서 살려면 한국어 공부를 열심히 해야 돼요.
If you want to live in Korea, you have to study Korean hard.
Here, 살다 “to live” is a verb, which has a final consonant ㄹ.
So, you add -려면 to make 살려면 “if you want to live.”
As you can see at the end of a sentence, 해야 돼요 gives a nuance of advice.
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
책을 ( ) 도서관에 가세요.
If you intend to borrow books, please go to the library.
(1)빌리면 (2)빌리려면
These sound quite similar, don’t they?
The correct answer is number two.
빌리다 “to borrow” is a verb which does not have a final consonant.
So, you add -려면 to make 빌리려면 “if you intend to borrow.”
Number one is wrong because 빌리면 means “if you borrowed” and it does not match the meaning of “if you intend to borrow.”
Then, let’s read it together!
책을 (빌리려면) 도서관에 가세요.
Please, read this part at least three times!
Then, let’s look at the next quiz!
라면을 맛있게 ( ) 어떻게 해야 돼요?
If I want to cook ramen well, what should I do?
(1)끊으려면 (2)끓이려면
These are very confusing, aren’t they?
The correct answer is number two. 라면을 끓이다 “to boil ramen” is a natural way to mean “to cook ramen” in Korean.
끓이다 is a verb which does not have a final consonant.
So, you add -려면 to make 끓이려면 “if I intend to cook.”
Number one is wrong because 끊다 means “to cut, to quit.”
It looks so similar to the correct answer, but the slight difference brings a completely different meaning.
Then, let’s read it together!
라면을 맛있게 (끓이려면) 어떻게 해야 돼요?
Please, read this part at least three times!
-(으)로 인해(서)
-(으)로 인해(서) means “due to ~.”
인해서 comes from a word 인하다, and 인(因) is a chinese character which describes a cause.
Therefore, this grammar also expresses a cause of a situation.
And you will use it in formal settings such as news, newspaper, or formal documents, but not often in casual conversations.
In casual conversations, native speakers often use -(으)로 “due to ~, with ~”, or 때문에 “because of”.
-로 인해(서) follows nouns, and if a noun does not have a final consonant, you attach -로 인해(서).
For example, 사고 an “accident” does not have a final consonant, so you attach 로 인해서 to make 사고로 인해서 “due to an accident.”
If a noun has a final consonant, you attach -으로 인해(서).
For example, 가뭄 “drought(drάʊt)” has a final consonant.
So, you attach “으로 인해서” to make 가뭄으로 인해서 “due to a drought.”
Then, let’s read a sample sentence.
홍수로 인해서 피해를 입었어요.
We were affected by a flood.
Here, 홍수 “flood” is a noun which does not have a final consonant.
So, you add -로 인해서 to make 홍수로 인해서 “due to a flood.”
Let’s look at the next sentence.
이번 사태로 인해 많은 사람들이 직장을 잃었다.
Due to this incident, many people lost their jobs.
This is a sad sentence, but you sometimes see similar situations on some news.
Here, 사태 an “incident” is a noun which does not have a final consonant.
So, you add -로 인해서 to make 사태로 인해서 “due to an incident.”
Let’s look at the next sentence.
개인적인 사정으로 인해 잠시 쉬겠습니다.
Due to a personal circumstance, I will take a break for a while.
This is not about me.
So, I will keep uploading a video. But this is a useful sentence when you announce your leave of absence from work.
Here, 사정 “circumstance” is a noun which has a final consonant.
So, you add -으로 인해서 to make 사정으로 인해서 “due to a circumstance.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
그 ( ) 모든 사실이 밝혀졌다.
Every fact got unveiled due to the press conference.
(1)기자회견으로 인해서 (2)기자회견과 함께
The correct answer is number one.
기자회견 a “press conference” is a noun which has a final consonant.
So, you add -으로 인해서 to make 기자회견으로 인해서 “due to a press conference.”
Number two is wrong because 기자회견과 함께 “with the press conference” is not an expression to explain a cause.
Then, let’s read it together!
그 (기자회견으로 인해서) 모든 사실이 밝혀졌다.
Dada-nn!! I wonder what kind of facts were revealed in the press.
And don’t forget to read this part at least three times!
Then, let’s look at the next quiz!
강한 ( ) 가로수가 쓰러졌습니다.
Due to a strong wind, roadside trees fell.
(1)바람으로 인해 (2)바람 덕분에
The correct answer is number one.
바람 “wind” is a noun which has a final consonant.
So, you add -으로 인해서 to make 바람으로 인해서 “due to a wind.”
Number two is wrong because 바람 덕분에 means “thanks to the wind.”
Basically, 덕분에 is a positive word you use when you are grateful for something that helped you, so Korean people don’t use it in this situation.
Then, let’s read it together!
강한 (바람으로 인해) 가로수가 쓰러졌습니다.
Please, read this part at least three times!
Homework
Alright! Now it’s time to give you wonderful homework!
But, before that, I’m gonna introduce a famous quote by Albert Einstein.
In the quote, You can find today’s grammar!
인생은 자전거를 타는 것과 같습니다. 균형을 잡으려면 계속 움직여야 합니다.
Life is just like riding a bike. If you intend to stay balanced, you have to keep moving.
Can you see today’s grammar?
균형을 잡으려면 means “if you intend to stay balanced.”
Then, I’ll announce today’s homework!
There are two assignments. First, please make three sentences using the grammar we learned today.
For the first sentence, please use -(으)려던 참이다 “be just about to.” For example,
마트에 가려던 참이에요. “I was just about to go to the mart.”
For the second sentence, please use -(으)려면 “if (I) intend to do ~.”
For example,
한국어를 잘하려면 책을 소리내어 많이 읽어 보세요!
If you want to improve your Korean, try to read books out loud many times!
This is actually my favorite way to study Korean.
For the third sentence, please use -(으)로 인해(서) “due to.”
For example,
SNS로 인해 배우의 스캔들은 순식간에 퍼졌다.
Due to SNS, the actor’s scandal spread quickly.
When you finish writing, you can post it in the comment section.
I am very excited to see you guys’ imaginative sentences~!
The second homework is to memorize new words.
Please memorize the forty words from number 801 to number 840 on page 11 in the intermediate vocabulary list.
There is a vocabulary quiz of forty words on my website, so just feel free to try it.
The link is in the description box.
That’s it for today. You guys did a good job! High five!!
I really appreciate this moment when we are studying Korean together.
And I am always on your side when you work hard towards your dream.
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！
한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！
