안녕하세요. 토미입니다.
Let’s have fun learning Korean today!
Today’s grammar is 1) -게 하다 “make someone do something,”
2) -고 나니(까) “after you finish an action and realize” and
3) -고 나면 “once you finish doing ~.”
After you learn today’s grammar, you will be able to tell what happened as a result of your action like
목놓아 펑펑 울고 나니까 지금은 완전 후련해요!
After I cried loudly, I feel completely refreshed now.
Yes. I can agree with that! After you cry so hard, somehow you feel refreshed.
Anyway, let’s learn these expressions, pass TOPIK 2 level 4 and become a super master of Korean!
I’m sure you guys can achieve it.
그럼 시작할게요！
–게 하다
Now, let’s look at the first grammar! -게 하다 means “make someone do something.”
You can use it when you make someone perform an action.
To apply this grammar, you can just attach -게 하다 to a verb stem.
The usage is as simple as ABC.
For example, 가다 “to go” will become 가게 하다 “make someone go.”
And 먹다 “to eat” will become 먹게 하다 “make someone eat.”
It’s a piece of cake, right?
Then, let’s read a sample sentence.
선생님은 학생들에게 공책에 한글로 이름을 쓰게 했다.
The teacher made students write their names in Hangul on a note.
Here, 쓰다 “to write” is a verb.
And you add -게 하다 to make 쓰게 하다 “make (students) write.”
Then Let’s read the next sentence.
어머니가 아이에게 혼자서 신발을 신게 했다.
The mother made the child put on the shoes by himself.
Yes, it is important to see your child do their things on their own.
신다 “to wear (shoes)” is a verb.
So, you add -게 하다 to make 신게 하다 “to get (her child) to wear.”
Let’s read the next sentence.
그 사람은 항상 저를 웃게 해요.
That person always makes me laugh.
I respect those people who can always make people laugh.
Here, 웃다 “to laugh” is a verb.
And, you add -게 하다 to make 웃게 하다 “make (me) laugh.”
Quizzes
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
회사에서는 서로를 영어 이름으로 ( ).
The company made us call our English names to each other at the office.
(1)부르게 했다 (2) 불러요
The correct answer is number one.
부르다 “to call” is a verb. And, you add -게 했다 to make 부르게 했다 “made (us) call.”
Then, let’s read it together.
회사에서는 서로를 영어 이름으로 (부르게 했다).
Please read it again and again until you can read it smoothly.
Then, let’s look at the next quiz!
내 친구는 매번 나를 ( ).
My friend makes me wait every time.
(1)기다려요 (2)기다리게 해요
The correct answer is number two.
기다리다 “to wait” is a verb.
And, you add -게 해요 to make 기다리게 해요 “make (me) wait.”
But friends who make you wait all the time are not good, right?
Then, let’s read it together with annoyed feelings!
내 친구는 매번 나를 (기다리게 해요).
Please read it at least three times.
-고 나니(까)
The second grammar is -고 나니(까) “after doing something, (I) realize~.”
You can use this after you did something, and realized something new.
Originally -고 나니(까) comes from -고 나다 “after you do something.”
But you will not use the expression of -고 나다 alone, but you can combine it with other expressions like this grammar -고 나니(까) “after doing something and realize/find out something” or -고 나면 “Once you finish doing something.”
In addition, since -고 나니(까) expresses the past event, the end of a sentence will be the past tense for most of the cases.
The usage of -고 나니(까) is quite simple.
It follows verbs, and you attach -고 나니(까) regardless of a final consonant.
So, 가다 “to go” will be 가고 나니까 “after (I) went, (I) realized.”
먹다 “to eat” will be 먹고 나니까 “after (I) ate, (I) realized.”
Then, let’s read a sample sentence to see what kind of result was waiting after an action.
다 말하고 나니까 마음이 편해졌어요.
After telling everything, I found I felt relieved.
This is so true. Sometimes, telling stories to people makes you feel better.
Here, 말하다 “to tell” is a verb.
And, you add -고 나니까 to make 말하고 나니까 “after telling everything, I found~.”
The English translation “I found I felt relieved” can be a little bit strange.
You can just say “I felt relieved.” Right?
But I put it this way throughout the whole examples so that you guys can understand the nuance of this grammar.
Then let’s read the next sentence.
회사에 사표를 내고 나니 복잡한 마음이 들었다.
After I submitted the resignation letter, I found I had mixed feelings.
I hope he will find a way to get rid of the feeling.
Anyway, here, 내다 means “to submit.”
And, you add -고 나니까 to make 내고 나니까 “after I finished submitting, I found~.” Then let’s read the next sentence.
친구를 만나서 수다떨고 나니 스트레스가 다 풀린 것 같아.
After I saw my friends and chatted with them, I realized the stress was relieved.
Chatting with your friends is always the best thing.
Here, 수다떨다 means “to chat”
You add -고 나니까 to the stem to make 수다떨고 나니까 “after chatting, I realized~.”
Quizzes
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
하루 푹 ( ) 컨디션이 돌아왔어요.
After getting some rest the whole day, I realized I got better.
(1)쉬고 나니 (2)쉬면
The correct answer is number one.
쉬다 means “to get some rest.”
And you add -고 나니 to make 쉬고 나니 “after getting some rest, I realized~.”
Number two is wrong because 쉬면 means “if (I) get some rest.”
It has a different meaning.
Then, let’s read it together!
하루 푹 (쉬고 나니) 컨디션이 돌아왔어요.
Please read it again until you can say it smoothly.
Then, let’s look at the next quiz!
친구와 여행을 ( ) 더 가까워진 것 같다.
After I came back from a trip with my friends, I realized we got closer.
(1)다녀오기 때문에 (2)다녀오고 나니까
The correct answer is number two.
다녀오다 means “to go and come back.”
Then, you add -고 나니까 to make 다녀오고 나니까 “after I came back, I realized~.”
Number one is wrong because 다녀오기 때문에 means “because I go and come back” and does not match the meaning of what happened in the past.
Then, let’s read it together, just as you get closer to your friends!
친구와 여행을 (다녀오고 나니까) 더 가까워진 것 같다.
Please read it again and again with a happy feeling.
-고 나면
The last grammar -고 나면 means “once/if you finish doing something.”
While the grammar -고 나니까 tells an actual result after doing something, you use -고 나면 to presume what will happen after an action because this grammar is a subjunctive mood.
Subjunctive mood?
I can hear you.
This is a grammatical term, and it is the verb form used to explore a hypothetical situation to express a wish, a demand, or a suggestion.
For example, “Once you get a job, you will be relieved.”
Therefore, for this grammar, -고 나면, the end of a sentence should be in the future tense or the present tense.
Usually, you use this grammar with verbs and you can attach -고 나면 regardless of a final consonant.
For example, 가다 “to go” will be 가고 나면 “once you have gone” and 먹다 “to eat” will be 먹고 나면 “once you finished eating.”
Then, let’s read a sample sentence.
미용실에서 머리를 하고 나면 기분이 좋아질 거야.
Once you have your hair done at a hair salon, you will feel better.
That is true. Sometimes, going to a hair salon makes you feel good.
Here, 머리를 하다 is a quite natural expression that is difficult for Korean learners to come up with.
But, you can memorize the word as the meaning of “have (your) hair done.”
Then, you add -고 나면 to the stem to make 머리를 하고 나면 “once (you) have the hair done.”
Also, did you notice the end of the sentence was 좋아질 거야 “will feel better,” which is advice?
Just like this example, the end of a sentence using -고 나면 will be advice in many cases.
Let’s read the next sentence.
운전 기능 시험에 합격하고 나면 도로주행 수업을 받아야 한다.
If you pass the driving skill test, you have to take a class on-road driving.
This sentence is explaining the order to pass the driving test.
Here, 합격하다 “to pass” is a verb. then, you add -고 나면 to make 합격하고 나면 “once (you) pass~.”
Then let’s read the next sentence.
알고 나면 너무 쉬워서 놀랄 거예요.
Once you know that, you will be surprised because it is too easy.
Here, 알다 means “to know” and you add -고 나면 to make 알고 나면 “once (you) know it.”
The expression of 알고 나면 “once (you) know that” is a very useful expression.
So, you can remember it as it is.
Quizzes
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
( ) 지금이 그리울 거야.
Once you graduate, you will miss this time.
(1)졸업하고 나서 (2)졸업하고 나면
The correct answer is number two.
졸업하다 means “to graduate.”
Then, you add -고 나면 to make 졸업하고 나면 “once (you) graduate.”
졸업하고 나면 is in the subjunctive mood, so it means they have not graduated yet.
Number one is wrong because 졸업하고 나서 means “After I graduated, I found~” and it is telling your feeling after your actual graduation.
Can you tell the difference? I hope you do.
Then, let’s read it together as if you were advising students.
(졸업하고 나면) 지금이 그리울 거야.
Please read it at least three times.
Then, let’s look at the next quiz!
자료를 다 ( ) 퇴근 시간이 될 거예요.
Once you finish organizing the documents, it will be time to leave the office.
(1)정리하고 나면 (2) 정리해서
The correct answer is number one.
정리하다 means “to organize.” And you add -고 나면 to make 정리하고 나면 “once (you) finish organizing.”
Number two is wrong because 정리해서 means “since (you) organize.”
It has a different meaning.
Then, let’s read it together to grasp the nuance!
자료를 다 (정리하고 나면) 퇴근 시간이 될 거예요.
Please read it again and again to understand it better.
Homework
Alright.
Then, before I inform you of the homework, I will introduce a useful saying in Korea.
고래 싸움에 새우 등 터진다.
The back of a shrimp bursts amid a fight between whales.
It means “an irrelevant person gets hurt due to a fight between strong people.”
Whales are strong and shrimps are weak.
So, sometimes when strong people are fighting each other, someone weak might get hurt during the fight.
I can relate to this sentence. How about you?
Then, I’ll tell you about today’s homework.
Come on, homework!
There are two assignments.
First, please make three sentences using today’s grammar.
For the first sentence, please use -게 하다 “make someone do something.”
For example,
명상은 내 마음을 평온하게 합니다.
Meditation makes my mind calm.
These days I’m into yoga, so I meditate, too.
A deep breath makes me feel better.
For the second sentence, please use -고 나니(까) “after you finish an action and realize something.”
For example,
한국 드라마를 보고 나니까 한국에 가고 싶어졌어요.
After I finished watching a Korean drama, I realized I wanted to go to Korea.
I always feel I want to fly to Korea after I watch Korean dramas. How about you?
For the third sentence, please use -고 나면 “once you finish doing something.”
For example,
목욕을 하고 나면 피로가 풀릴 거예요.
Once you take a bath, you will get rid of the fatigue.
I am very excited to see your writing in the comments!
The second homework is to memorize new words.
Please memorize the forty words from number 921 to number 960 on page 12 in the intermediate vocabulary list.
There is a vocabulary quiz of forty words on my website, so just feel free to try it.
The link is in the description box.
That’s pretty much for today!
You did a great job! High five!!
I appreciate that we could share this precious time.
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！
한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！
