안녕하세요. 토미입니다.
Let’s have fun learning Korean today!
Today’s grammar is,
① -ㄴ/는다면 “If this happens, one will/ would…”
② -아/어야겠다 “have to~, should”
③ -나 보다 “it seems like / it looks like ~”
Once you learn today’s grammar, you can say, “I have to do this!” For example,
오늘 중으로 티켓을 구매해야겠어요.
I have to buy tickets today.
Like this sentence, you can use various expressions by learning today’s grammar and passing the TOPIK II Level 4. Let’s become an intermediate master of Korean! You can accomplish this for sure!
그럼 시작할게요!
-ㄴ/는다면
Verbs(without a final consonant) + ㄴ다면
Verbs(with a final consonant) + 는다면
Adjectives + 다면
Nouns(without a final consonant) + 라면
Nouns(with a final consonant) + 이라면
[Past tense]Verbs + 았/었다면
To begin with, let’s learn the first grammar, -ㄴ/는다면, “If this happens, one will/ would….”
I have to roll up my sleeves to explain this grammar.
Why? Because I often receive questions,
“How is this grammar different from -(으)면, “if, when” and -ㄴ다면, “If this happens, one will/ would…”?
To answer this question, I say -(으)면 and -ㄴ/는다면 have similar meanings. Therefore, both can be interchangeable for some sentences.
However, there are slight differences depending on the content. So, I will explain this part.
In a nutshell, you use -(으)면 * “if, when,” to refer to events that are likely to happen, while you use -(ㄴ)는다면 “If this happens, one will/ would…” to refer to events that are unlikely to happen.
For example,
여름이 오면 날씨가 더워져요. (○)
When summer comes, it gets hot.
You use -(으)면 because this sentence communicates a fact, “it gets hot in summer,” which is generally true. Right? And it has a high possibility of happening, doesn’t it?
On the other hand, if you use -ㄴ다면 to say,
여름이 온다면 날씨가 더워져요(×)
It sounds unnatural because -ㄴ다면 fits for events that have a low possibility of happening.
The correct usage is,
한 여름에 한국에서 눈이 내린다면 모두가 깜짝 놀라겠죠.
Everyone would be stunned if it snowed in the middle of summer in Korea.
Like this sentence, you use -ㄴ/는다면 to express a supposition that cannot happen so easily.
Okay, is it clear enough?
Moreover, -ㄴ/는다면 is most suitable when you talk about your dreams, such as
부자라면
If I were a rich person
연예인이 된다면
If I became a celebrity
복권에 당첨된다면
If I won the lottery
Do you get the feeling?
For your information, -ㄴ/는다면 means also the same as -았/었으면 and 았/었더라면. OK?
Now, let’s learn the usage!
For verbs, you add -ㄴ/는다면 to a verb stem.
If a verb does not have a final consonant, you add -ㄴ다면.
For instance, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant.
Therefore, you add -ㄴ다면 to make 간다면 “If (I) go, I would…”
If a verb has a final consonant, you add -는다면.
For example, 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant. Therefore, you add -는다면 to make 먹는다면 “If (I) eat, I would…”
For adjectives and substantive verbs such as 있다/없다, you add -다면 to a stem. For nouns, you add -(이)라면.
Then, let’s read the sentence that expresses a low possibility.
Verbs: Example 1
당신이 우리 집에 놀러 온다면 맛있는 음식을 만들어 줄게요.
If you come to my house to visit, I will cook you a delicious meal.
Here, 놀러 오다 means “come to visit.”
So, what do you have to add? 3, 2, 1!! 다면!! Yes!!
You add -다면 to make 놀러 온다면 “if you come to visit.” Let’s read the following sentence!
Adjectives: Example 2
겨울이라도 날이 따뜻하다면 굳이 난방을 틀 필요는 없는 거 같아요.
Even in winter, if the day is warm, you don’t need to turn on the heating.
Here, 따뜻하다, “to be warm” is an adjective.
So, what do you have to attach? 3, 2, 1!! 다면! Yes!
You can attach 다면 to the stem to make 따뜻하다면 “if (the day) is warm.”
This sentence communicates, “If it is warm in winter,” which is unlikely to happen.
That’s why it is appropriate to use 다면.
How about the following sentence?
Nouns: Example 3
제가 부자라면 부모님을 위해서 집을 사 줄 거예요.
If I were rich, I would buy a house for my parents.
Here, 부자, “a rich person” is a noun.
So, you add -라면 to make 부자라면, “if (I were) a rich person.”
Nouns: Example 3
엄마가 그 사실을 알았다면 크게 실망하시겠다.
My mother would be very disappointed if she found out that.
알다 “know” is a verb, so you add 았다면 to make 알았다면 “if she found out that.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
1. 그렇게 노래를 ( ) 콘테스트에 나가 보는 건 어때?
If you sing so well, how about taking part in a competition?
(1)잘하는다면 (2) 잘한다면
The correct answer is number two.
노래를 잘하다 is “to sing well.”
Since 잘하다 is a verb, you add -ㄴ다면 to make 노래를 잘한다면, “if you sing well.”
In this sentence, you can also say 노래를 잘하면 “if you sing well.”
As you can see, you can use both -(으)면 and -(ㄴ)다면 for sentences like this.
Number one 잘하는다면 is the wrong conjugation.
So, be careful!
Then, let’s read to suggest to the other person!
그렇게 노래를 (잘한다면) 콘테스트에 나가 보는 건 어때?
Please read this sentence until it flows naturally.
Then, let’s try the following quiz!
2. 제가 ( ) 지금 바로 그녀에게 청혼하겠어요.
If I were you, I would propose to her immediately.
(1)당신였다면 (2) 당신이라면
The correct answer is number two.
Since 당신, “you” has a final consonant, you say 당신이라면, “if I were you.”
Number one is the wrong conjugation.
It should be 당신이었다면 because 당신 has a final consonant.
Now, let’s read the sentence together!
제가 (당신이라면) 지금 바로 그녀에게 청혼하겠어요.
Please practice this sentence until it flows naturally.
-아/어야겠다
Verbs • Adjectives + 아/어야겠다
The second grammar, -아/어야겠다 means, “have to, must, need to.”
You use this grammar to express a strong will to do something or to indicate that something needs to be done.
In principle, you use -아/어야겠다 to only present tense verbs.
In terms of usage, you make 요 form first and then take out 요 and add -야겠다.
For example, the 요 form of 가다 “to go” is 가요, right?
You remove 요 from here and add 야겠다 to make 가야겠다 “(I) must go.”
If it is 먹다 “to eat,” the 요 form is 먹어요.
So, you remove 요 and add -야겠다 instead to make 먹어야겠다 “(I) must eat.”
Let’s read a sample sentence to see what he has to do.
Verbs: Example 1
시간이 늦었으니까 이제 슬슬 귀가해야겠다.
Since it is late, I have to go home.
Here, 귀가하다 means “to go home.”
Can you say the 요 form of 귀가하다?
3, 2, 1!! It is 귀가해요!! Yes!!
So, you add -야겠다 to make 귀가해야겠다, “(I) have to go home.”
Let’s read the following sentence!
Verbs: Example 2
제대로 공부해서 한국어 시험을 봐야겠어.
I have to study diligently and take the Korean exam.
Here, the 요 form of 시험을 보다 “to take an exam” is 시험을 봐요.
You take out 요 and attach -야겠다 to make 시험을 봐야겠다 “(I) have to take an exam.”
Let’s read the following sample sentence!
Verbs: Example 3
앞으로 우리는 세계 빈곤 문제에 대해서 더 생각해야겠어요.
From now on, we have to think more seriously about the issues of poverty worldwide.
Here, the 요 form of 생각하다 “to think about” is 생각해요.
You take out 요 from this and add 야겠다 to make 생각해야겠다, “(we) have to think about.”
Adjectives: Example 4
오래 살려면 몸이 건강해야겠죠?
If you want to live long, you must be healthy, right?
건강하다 “healthy” is an adjective, so you add 야겠다 to make 건강해야겠다 “must to be healthy.”
Quiz
Now, let’s deepen our understanding of -아/어야겠다 by taking some quizzes!
Which one is the correct answer?
1. 태풍이 와서이번 콘서트는 ( ).
A typhoon is coming, so this concert will have to be canceled.
(1)중지하겠어요 (2) 중지해야겠어요.
Oh, no! It is indeed sad to cancel a concert.
Anyway, the correct answer is number two.
The 요 form of 중지하다 “to cancel” is 중지해요.
You take out 요 from this to make 중지해.
Then you add -야겠다 to make 중지해야겠다 “(we) have to cancel.”
Number one, 중지하겠어요 means “(we) will cancel.”
It is different from the translation. Thus, it is incorrect.
Now, let’s read the sentence together!
태풍이 와서 이번 콘서트는 (중지해야겠어요.)
Please read it with sadness. Let’s try the following quiz!
2. 회사 컴퓨터를 가능한한 빨리 ( ).
I have to fix my company computer as soon as possible.
(1)고쳐야겠어요. (2) 고치여야겠어요.
The correct answer is number one.
The 요 form of 고치다, “to fix” is 고쳐요.
You take out 요 from this to make 고쳐.
Then, you add -야겠어요 to make 고쳐야겠어요, “(I) have to fix.”
Number two, 고치여야겠어요 is the wrong conjugation.
So, don’t choose it!
Now, let’s read the sentence together!
회사 컴퓨터를 가능한 한 빨리 (고쳐야겠어요).
Please read this sentence to communicate your feelings to the other person.
-나 보다/인가 보다
Verbs + 나 보다
[Past tense]Verbs + 았/었나 보다
[Past tense]Nouns(without a final consonant) + 였나 보다
Nouns(with a final consonant) + 이었나 보다
The last grammar, -나 보다, means, “it looks like ~, / it seems like.”
You use this when you make a guess based on your observation.
You mainly use this grammar with verbs.
For the present tense, add -나 보다 to a verb stem.
For instance, “가다 “to go” will be 가나 보다 “(he) seems to go.”
먹다 “to eat” will be 먹나 보다 “(he) seems to eat.”
For the past tense, it is going to be -았/었나 보다.
In this case, you make the past tense first, then attach 나 보다 to a stem.
For example, the past tense of 가다 “to go” is 갔다 “went.”
You attach 나 보다 to the stem to make 갔나 보다 “(he) seems to have gone.”
Note that if an adjective has 있다, 없다, such as 재미있다, 재미없다, you conjugate them like verbs.
For example, 재미있나 보다 means “seems to be interesting,” and 재미없나 보다 means “seems to be uninteresting.”
Now, let‘s read a sentence to see how the speaker makes a guess.
Past tense(Verb): Example 2
낮에도 이렇게 춥다니 이제 겨울이 왔나 보다.
With this cold in the afternoon, winter has already arrived.
Here, 왔다 “came” is the past tense of 오다 “to come.”
You add -나 보다 to the verb stem to make 왔나 보다, “it seems like (winter) has already arrived.”
Adjectives: Example 4
아들이 그렇게 몰두해서 책을 읽는 걸 보니 책이 재미있나 봅니다.
Seeing my son so engrossed in reading a book, the book must be interesting.
Here, 재미있다 “to be interesting” is an adjective.
However, since this word has 있다, you apply it as a verb. It is a tricky part.
So, you attach 나 보다 to the stem to make 재미있나 보다 “It seems to be interesting.”
Past tense(Noun): Example 5
저 사람 유명한 사람이었나봐.
I guess that person was famous.
유명한 사람 “famous person” is a noun, and you add 이었나보다 to make 유명한 사람이었나 보다 “I guess he was famous.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
1. 무슨 소리 들리지 않았어요? 누가 집에 ( ).
(A woman in her 40s) Didn’t you hear a noise? It looks like someone came into the house.
(1)들어왔나 봐요 (2) 돌아갔나 봐요
The correct answer is number one.
The past tense of 들어오다 “to come into” is 들어왔다 “came into.”
You add -나 보다 to make 들어왔나 보다.
Also, you change it to the 요 form to make 들어왔나 봐요 “it looks like (someone) came in.”
Number two is wrong because 돌아갔나 봐요 means “(someone) seems to go back.”
It is different from what the speaker wants to say.
Then, let’s read the correct sentence together!
무슨 소리 들리지 않았어요? 누가 집에 (들어왔나 봐요.)
Please read this sentence with a nerve-racking feeling. Then, let’s try the following quiz!
2. 우리 엄마가 어제 한국 드라마를 늦게까지 ( ).
My mother was watching a Korean drama until late at night.
(1) 봤나 봐요 (2) 보나 봐요.
The correct answer is number one.
보다 is “to watch.” The past tense is 봤다 “watched.”
You add 나 보다 to the stem to make 봤나 보다, “It seems that (my mother was) watching.”
Then, you change it to a 요 form to make 봤나 봐요, “It seems that (my mother was) watching.”
Number two is wrong because 보나 봐요 is the present tense.
Thus, it does not match with the words 어제 yesterday, and 늦게까지 “until late at night.”
Then, let’s read the correct sentence together!
우리 엄마가 어제 한국 드라마를 늦게까지 봤나 봐요.
Please read this sentence at least three times.
Homework
Now, I will tell you a very powerful sentence!
상상할 수 없는 꿈을 꾸고 있다면,
상상할 수 없는 노력을 해라.
If you’re dreaming of the unimaginable,
Make unimaginable efforts.
Wow!! This sentence is so true!!
I will make an incessant effort to teach you Korean!!
By the way, did you spot today’s grammar?
I hope you did!
Then, I will announce the homework!
There are two parts to the homework.
① Please make three sentences using today’s grammar.
For the first sentence, please use -ㄴ/는다면, “If this happens, one will/ would….”
You can write your wish here.
For example,
- 저는 돈이 많다면 멋진 차를 사고 싶어요.
I would want to buy a nice car if I had lots of money.
Like this sentence, -ㄴ/는다면 is perfect grammar when you talk about your dreams!
Please use your complete imagination to make your sentence.
② Please use -아/어야겠다 “have to do ~, should.”
For example,
- 빨리 집에 가서 자야겠다.
I have to go home early to sleep.
③ Please use -나 보다 “it looks like,” “it seems like.”
For example,
- 부장님의 얼굴이 밝은 걸 보니 좋은 일이 있었나 보다.
Looking at the manager’s bright face, something good has happened.
The second homework is to memorize new words.
Please memorize the forty words from number 1481 to number 1520 on page 19 in the intermediate vocabulary list.
There is a vocabulary quiz of forty words on my website.
So, feel free to try it.
The link is in the description box.
That’s all for today! Good job, guys!!
I’m looking forward to the day I can talk with you in Korean!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！
한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！
Vocabulary Test : 40 Questions
