안녕하세요～! 토미입니다!
Let’s have fun learning Korean!
Today’s grammar is:
① (으)ㅁ “~ing / ~ness”
② 는 데 “to do / for doing”
③ -자니 아/어다(가) “to do (moving with something) and to do”
If you learn today’s grammar, you can say it like this.
저는 그림을 그리는 데 재능이 있는 것 같아요.
I seem to have a talent for drawing.
Especially, the third grammar is very similar to 는데 “~but,” which you learned in the beginner’s class.
This time, I will teach you an expression unique to the intermediate level, “to do / for doing.”
Since this is the 60th lesson, a test will include all the grammar from the 56th to the 60th sessions.
Please make sure that you have mastered the grammar.
By taking a test, you can memorize expressions unique to the intermediate level.
And let’s become super intermediate masters! You can do it!
그럼 시작할게요!
-(으)ㅁ
Verbs • Adjectives(without a final consonant) + ㅁ
Verbs • Adjectives(with a final consonant) + 음
Nouns + 임
[Past tense] Verbs + 았/었음
The first grammar is -(으)ㅁ “~ing / ~ness.”
This expression is used to nominalize verbs and adjectives.
The reason for nominalization is to make sentences more concise.
You can also use it at the end of sentences to turn them into noun phrases.
There are so many words that apply to this grammar.
For example,
배우다 “to learn” –> 배움 “learning”
걷다 “to walk” –> 걸음 a “step”
다르다 “to be different” –> 다름 a “difference”
얼다 “to freeze” –> 얼음 an ‘ice’
기쁘다 “to rejoice” –> 기쁨 “joy”
Like this. When you look at it this way, so many words apply this grammar!
And when you think of nominalization, you may have thought of – 기.
For example,
말하기 “speaking”
쓰기 “writing”
듣기 “listening”
읽기 “reading”
You will learn this grammar later on.
And today, I will tell you the difference between -기 and (으)ㅁ.
When you use 기 to nominalize something, it implies the result has not yet been achieved or is not yet set in stone.
On the other hand, (으)ㅁ is used when it is based on some facts or when the result has already been obtained.
So, if you say 6시에 공부하기, there is a future nuance that you plan to study at 6 o’clock.
In contrast, if you say 6시에 공부함, it sounds like you have already studied and you are reporting the results.
Did you understand the difference?
To conjugate this grammar,
● You add (으)ㅁ to verbs and adjectives.
For example, 가다 becomes 감 “going” and 먹다 becomes 먹음 “eating”
● You add 았/었음 to the past tense.
● And add 임 to nouns.
Then, let’s look at examples of what kind of nominalization unfolds.
Verbs: Example 1
서류 제출 완료함.
Document submission completed.
Here, 완료하다 means “to complete” is a verb without a final consonant, so you add ㅁ to make 완료함 “completed.”
Adjective: Example 3
문제없음.
No problem.
You can create a noun by adding ㅁ to 없다 “none” to make 없음 “none”.
Adjective: Example 3
다음 주 수요일 전체 회의 있음.
A full meeting is scheduled for Wednesday next week.
You might find this kind of simple sentence on a bulletin board in Korea.
Here, 있다 is “to be.” You add 음 to the stem to make 있음 “there is ~.”
It conveys the nuance that the meeting is fixed for next week, and it has already been decided.
Let’s look at the following example!
Adjectives: Example 4
지난달 대비 A 회사 투자율이 9% 가소함.
Company A’s investment rate decreased by 9% compared to last month.
감소하다 means “to decrease” and is an adjective without a final consonant, so you add ㅁ to make 감소함 “decreasing.”
Nouns: Example 5
나는 내가 본인임을 증명하기 위해 신분증을 보여 주었다.
I showed my ID to prove it was me.
본인이다 means “to be a person concerned.” You want to change this into a noun.
Thus, you add ㅁ to the stem to make 본인임 “being a person concerned.”
Let’s read another example!
Past tense: Example 6
그때 교실에 아무도 없었음을 제가 확인했습니다.
At that time, I made sure no one was in the classroom.
Here, 없었다 means “was not~.” You add 음 to make 없었음 “there was not.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
1. 이것은 내 ( ) 틀림없다.
It’s definitely mine.
(1)물건임에 (2)물건이람에
The correct answer is number one. 물건이다 means “to be a thing.”
You add ㅁ to the verb stem to make 물건임 “being a thing.”
This is followed by the phrase 에 틀림없다 “it is unmistakable/it must be.”
And 틀림 is also a nominalized word. It came from a word, 틀리다 “to be wrong.”
If you are aware of this grammar, there are many words that you already know.
Number two, 물건이람에, is the wrong spelling. So, don’t use it!
Now let’s read it together!
이것은 내 (물건임에) 틀림없다.
Please read the two nominalized words carefully.
Let’s look at the following quiz.
2. 아침 일찍 일어나서 한국어 ( ).
Getting up early in the morning and studying Korean.
(1)공부함 (2)공부했음
The correct answer is number one, 공부함. 공부하다 means “to study.”
You add ㅁ to the stem to make 공부함.
If you select number two, 공부했음, it becomes “studied,” which is the past tense.
Since the text is written in the present tense, it is incorrect.
Now, let’s read it together!
아침 일찍 일어나서 한국어 (공부함).
Please read it as if you were writing on your calendar.
-는 데
Verbs + 는 데
The second grammar is 는 데 “to do / for doing.”
Here, 는 is in the present tense of a noun modifier.
This grammar is formed by adding 데, which means “situation.”
Therefore, this 는 데 is similar to the concept of the following grammar.
-는 상황 “the situation in which”
-는 경우 “the case in which”
-는 것: “the thing that”
-는 일 “the matter of”
Question: Teacher, then how is it different from 는데 “but” that we learn in the beginner’s class?
Answer: Excellent question. I have put it in a table to make it a little easier to understand.
Conjugation
Meaning
는데
Verbs & Adjectives
Preliminaries, Contrasts
는 데
Verbs only
Description of action
First, the pronunciation is the same, so it is super confusing.
But the two are distinguished by whether they are separated by space.
This part is also so confusing. Sometimes, I noticed that even native speakers often make mistakes.
Anyway, going back to the topic, the beginner’s 는데 “but” is written without a space while the intermediate 는 데 is written with a space.
The beginner’s 는데 “but” can be used for verbs and adjectives, but intermediate 는 데 “to do, in case of doing” is used only for verbs.
The meaning of 는데 “but” in the beginner’s level is used as a preface, to contrast or compare two things.
However, the intermediate 는 데 “to do” describes what a certain action looks like.
So, this intermediate 는 데 is often followed by expressions like 걸리다 “to take,” 도움이 되다/안 되다 “to be helpful / to be not helpful,” 좋다/나쁘다 “to be good / to be bad,” 효과가 있다/없다 “to be effective / to be not effective,” 편리하다 “to be convenient.”
Did you understand the difference?
The conjugation is that you add 는 데 to the verb stem.
For example, 가다 “to go” will be 가는 데 “to go.”
먹다 “to eat” will be 먹는 데 “to eat.”
Now, let’s look at examples.
Verbs: Example 1
그 책을 다 읽는 데 3일밖에 걸리지 않았다.
It only took me three days to read the entire book.
Here, 읽다 is “to read.” You add 는 데 to the verb stem to make 읽는 데 “to read.”
It explains the situation of 3일 걸리다 “it takes three days” for the action of 책을 다 읽다 “to read an entire book.”
As you can see here, you use this grammar for the verb 읽다 “to read.”
It is also compatible with the word 걸리다 “to take.” Let’s also look at the following example sentence.
Verbs: Example 2
부산역에 가는 데에는 지하철이 가장 편리하대요.
They say the subway is the most convenient way to Busan Station.
Here, 가다 is “to go.” You add 는 데 to the stem to make 가는 데 “to go.”
It explains the situation of 지하철이 가장 편리하다 “subway is the most convenient” for the action of 거기 가다 “to get there.”
Let’s look at the following example sentence.
Verbs: Example 31
내가 학생 때는 공부하는 데 시간을 많이 썼다
When I was a student, I spent a lot of time studying.
Here,공부하다 means “to study.” You add 는 데 to the verb stem to make 공부하는 데 “studying.”
It explains the situation of 시간을 많이 쓰다 “to spend a lot of time” for the action of 공부하다 “to study.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
1. 사람을 ( ) 있어서 마음가짐이 가장 중요하다.
When it comes to helping others, the most important thing is mindset.
(1)돕는 데 (2)돕는데
The correct answer is number one.
To explain, 돕다 means “to help.” You add 는 데 to the stem to make 돕는 데 “when it comes to helping.”
Number two, 돕는데, is written without a space, which means “I help others, but…”
Thus, it is incorrect.
Now, let’s read it together!
사람을 (돕는 데) 있어서 마음가짐이 가장 중요하다.
It’s a lovely sentence, so read it at least three times as if you memorized it.
Now let’s look at the following quiz!
2. 나는 내가 유학( ) 데 필요한 서류를 다 챙겼다.
I have all the necessary documents to go study abroad.
(1)간 (2)가는
The correct answer is number two.
The expression “to do” is always in the present tense.
Therefore, it is appropriate to use the present tense, as in number two, 가는, instead of the past tense, as in number one, 간.
To explain the grammar, 유학가다 means “to go study abroad.”
You add 는 데 to the verb stem to make 유학가는 데 “to go study abroad.”
Now, let’s read it together!
나는 내가 유학가는 데 필요한 서류를 다 챙겼다.
Please read it at least three times.
-아/어다(가)
Verbs + 아/어다(가)
The last grammar is 아/어다(가) “to do (moving with something) and to do.”
This is an expression used to describe two closely connected actions that occur in succession.
This grammar especially fits well when you move something or someone and do the related action.
There are already words that apply this grammar.
For example,
태워다 주다 “to give (someone) a ride”
데려다 주다 “to take (someone) to (place)”
바래다 주다 “to see (someone) off”
모셔다드리다 is the honorific form of “to see (someone) off”
You might have heard these words.
These words are made up of this grammar.
To conjugate, first, think of the 요 form and then remove 요 from it, goodbye 요, and connect 다가 to the form.
I usually conjugate 가다 and 먹다 for example.
But since this grammar is appropriate for words that have the meanings of “to hold something” or “to take someone to someplace.”
Thus, I prepared specific words.
For example, 요 form of 가지다 “to have” is 가져요. You remove 요 from it, and add 다가 to make 가져다가 “to have and then.”
In the same manner, 요 form of 얻다 “to get” is 얻어요. You remove 요 from it, and add 다가 to make 얻어다가 “to get and then.”
Now, let’s look at an example sentence.
Verbs: Example 1
내가 꽃을 사다가 연인에게 주었다.
I bought flowers and gave them to my lover.
Here, 사다 means “to buy.” The 요 form is 사요.
You remove 요 from it, goodbye 요, and then add 다가 to the stem to make 사다가 “buy and…”
The action 꽃을 사다 “to buy flowers” is followed by 연인에게 주다 “to give to my lover.”
The grammar 다가 expresses the natural flow of the action.
In addition, you are holding flowers in your hands.
That’s why this grammar, 사다가 is natural.
Then let’s look at the following example.
Verbs: Example 2
우리는 술을 데워다가 둘이서 나눠 마셨다.
We heated up the liquor and shared it between us.
This is a heartwarming example.
Here, 데우다 means “to heat up.” The 요 form of 데우다 is 데워요, so you remove 요 to make 데워.
You connect 다가 to it to make 데워다가 “heated up and.”
It expresses well how the action 술을 데우다 “to heat up the liquor” is followed naturally by 둘이서 나눠 마셨다 “shared it between us.”
In addition, you can imagine the speaker was holding the liquor.
That’s why you use 데워다가.
Now let’s look at the following example.
Verbs: Example 3
나는 옆 집에서 남는 사과를 얻어다가 잼을 만들었다.
I got some leftover apples from a neighbor and made jam.
Here, the 요 form of 얻다 “to get” is 얻어요.
You remove 요 from it, goodbye 요, and add 다가 to make 얻어다가 “to get and”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
1. 내가 한국 요리를 ( ) 유학생 친구한테 갖다 주었어요.
I made Korean food and gave it to my international friend.
(1)만들어다가 (2)지으다가
The correct answer is number one, 만들어다가.
To explain the grammar, the 요 form of 만들다 “to make” is 만들어요.
You remove 요 from it, goodbye 요, and add 다가 to make 만들어다가 “made and then.”
Number two is wrong because 요리를 짓다 is the wrong expression.
The correct one would be 밥을 짓다 “to cook rice.” You use 짓다 for rice.
Then let’s read it together!
내가 한국 요리를 (만들어다가) 유학생 친구한테 갖다 주었어요.
Please read it over and over again to make sure you remember it.
Let’s look at the following quiz.
2. 밭에서 파를 ( ) 된장찌개에 썰어 넣었다.
I pulled green onions from the field, chopped them, and put them into Doenjang Jjigae.
(1)뽑어다가 (2)뽑아다가
The correct answer is number two, 뽑아다가.
The 요 form of 뽑다 “to pull out” is 뽑아요.
You remove 요 and add 다가 to make 뽑아다가.
Number one 뽑어다가 is the wrong conjugation. So, don’t use it!
Now let’s read it together!
밭에서 파를 (뽑아다가) 된장찌개에 썰어 넣었다.
Please read it at least three times.
Homework
Now, it’s time for homework!
But before that, I will give you a wise saying, which uses today’s grammar.
내가 만약
나무를 베어 넘어뜨릴 시간으로
한 시간이 주어진다면,
나는 도끼를 가는 데 45분을 쓰겠다.
-에이브러햄 링컨
If I had one hour to cut down a tree,
I will spend 45 minutes sharpening the axe.
-Abraham Lincoln
That’s what Abraham Lincoln thinks!!
Very impressive!!
Did you find today’s grammar, 는 데?
I hope you did!
So here’s your homework for today!
There are two homework assignments.
First, compose three sentences using today’s grammar.
① Firstly, let’s use (으)ㅁ “~ing / ~ness.”
For example,
- 요즘은 일상이 행복함.
Being happy with my daily life these days.
You notice that this sentence is very concise.
② Secondly, let’s use 는 데 “to do / for doing.”
For example,
- 나는 일기를 쓰는 데 시간이 많이 걸리는 편이다.
I tend to take a lot of time to write my journal.
Don’t forget to put a space between 는 and 데 “to do”!
③ Lastly, let’s use 아/어다(가) “to do (moving with something) and to do.”
For example,
- 내가 너를 집까지 데려다줄게.
I’ll take you home.
This will be an expression often used in dramas, so please remember it.
The second homework is to memorize new words.
Please memorize the forty words from number 2361 to 2400 on page 30 of the intermediate vocabulary list.
My website has a vocabulary quiz on the forty words, so feel free to try it. The link is in the description box.
Since this is the 60th lesson, I also prepared a test that includes a lot of grammar from the 56th to 60th sessions.
This test reinforces grammar and reading, so please try it!
Thank you so much for your hard work today!
I look forward to meeting you all someday and talking in Korean!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요! 한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅!!
