안녕하세요～! 토미입니다!
Let’s enjoy learning Korean!
Today’s grammar is,
① – 는 식으로 “like / the way”
② – 던 차에 “while / when (I) was just about to”
③ – 았/었으면, – 았/었을 텐데 “if (it) had been…, (it) would have been”
If you learn today’s grammar,
내가 하는 식으로 따라 해 봐.
Imitate it the way I do.
You can express how to do it.
This will be the last lesson of this intermediate series.
The range for this grammar test is 60th to 66th.
In addition, I prepared the FINAL TEST for the intermediate course.
This big test lets you check whether you have memorized the whole course.
Then, let’s watch this video to the end, pass TOPIK II level 4, and become a super intermediate master!
You can do it!
그럼 시작할게요!
-는 식으로
Verbs + 는 식으로
Adjectives(without a final consonant) + ㄴ 식으로
Adjectives(with a final consonant) + 은 식으로
The first grammar is – 는 식으로 “like / the way.”
You use this to describe a procedure, method, or way of acting.
How to conjugate is you change verbs and adjectives into the present tense of a noun modifier and add – 식으로.
There is often a verb in front of it, so you connect – 는 식으로 to a verb stem.
For example, 가다 “to go” will be 가는 식으로 “the way I go.” 먹다 “to eat” will be 먹는 식으로 “the way I eat.”
Moreover, you use mainly these adjectives such as 이렇다 “to be like this,” 저렇다 “to be like that,” 그렇다 “to be like that,” and 어떻다 “how.”
In this case, you add – ㄴ식으로 to the stem. For example, 이렇다 means “to be like this.” You add ㄴ 식으로 to the stem.
Buuuut if you look carefully, 이렇다 has ㅎ final consonant.
So, you drop ㅎ, and add ㄴ 식으로 to make 이런 식으로 “in this way.”
In the same manner, 저렇다 becomes 저런 식으로 “in that way.” And 그렇다 becomes 그런 식으로 “in that way.” And 어떻다 becomes 어떤 식으로 “in what way.”
Then let’s look at an example to see what the procedure is.
Verb: Example 1
니가 농담하는 식으로 말하니까 진짜인 줄은 몰랐거든.
I didn’t think it was true because you said it like you were joking.
That happens. You thought it was a joke and laughed, but it was not.
Here, 농담하다 is “to joke.” You add 는 식으로 to the stem to make 농담하는 식으로 “like you’re joking.”
Let’s look at the following example.
Verb: Example 2
내가 마음에 안 들었는지 그녀는 나한테 빨리 가 달라는 식으로 행동하더라.
Maybe because she didn’t like me, she was acting the way she was telling me to go quickly.
I don’t like this kind of awkward situation. Anyway, let’s see it here.
The quoted form of the command is 가 달라고 하다 “to tell (someone) to go.”
You add 는 to the stem to make 가 달라고 하는 “telling (someone) to go.”
When it is shortened, it becomes 가 달라는.
Then, you add 식으로 to make 가 달라는 식으로 “the way (she) was telling (me) to go.”
It was a little bit complicated.
Adjective: Example 3
공부는 이런 식으로 하는 거야.
This is the way to study.
It was a simple example. Here, 이렇다 is “to be like this.” You add – ㄴ 식으로 to a stem to make 이런 식으로 “in this way.”
You can also replace 이런 식으로 to 이렇게 and say 공부는 이렇게 하는 거야.
The meaning will be the same.
But 이런 식으로 has the nuance that the procedure is somewhat more definite than just saying 이렇게 “like this.”
Can you tell this slight difference?
Then, let’s look at the following example!
Adjective: Example 4
남들과 다른 식으로 기획하고 싶다.
I want to plan differently from others.
다르다 “different” is an adjective without a final consonant, so you add ㄴ 식으로 to make 다른 식으로 “in a different way.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
1. ( ) 식으로 처리하는 게 더 좋을 것 같아요.
I feel it is better to handle it that way.
(1) 그런 (2) 그러는
The correct answer is number one. 그렇다 “to be like that” is an adjective.
So, you add – ㄴ 식으로 to the stem to make 그런 식으로 “that way.”
Number two, 그러는, is a wrong conjugation.
So, don’t use it! 쓰지 마세요!!
Now, let’s read it together!
(그런) 식으로 처리하는 게 더 좋을 것 같아요.
Please try to read it as if you were having a conversation with someone.
Now, let’s look at the following quiz!
2. 그 사람은 잘못이 하나도 ( ) 식으로 말대꾸했다.
The man responded in a way that he had done nothing wrong.
(1)있다는 (2) 없다는
The correct answer is number two, 없다는.
없다고 하다 is a quotation, meaning “says there was no.” You add 는 to the stem to make 없다고 하는.
The shorter version of this is, 없다는.
Number one, 있다는, is wrong because 잘못이 하나도 없다 “there is nothing wrong” is a common phrase.
You should memorize it as a whole phrase. 통째로 외우세요!
Now, let’s read it together!
그 사람은 잘못이 하나도 (없다는) 식으로 말대꾸했다.
Please read it as if you’re telling your friends.
-던 차에
Verbs + 던 차에
[Past Perfect Tense] Verbs + 았/었던 차에
The next grammar is – 던 차에 “while / when (I) was just about to.”
You use this expression to describe that one event happens right after or during another event.
던 is a past tense of a noun modifier.
Thus, you always translate it as “when (I) WAS just about to.”
You cannot use other modifier forms, but 던.
So, 던 is paired with 차에. You should memorize them together.
In other words, – 하던 차에 is correct, but other noun modifiers such as 하는 차에, 한 차에, 할 차에 are all incorrect.
How to conjugate is that you connect 던 to a past or present tense of a verb. It is very simple.
For example, 가다 “to go” will be 가던 차에 “when (I) was just about to go.” 먹다 “to eat” will be 먹던 차에 “when (I) was just about to eat.”
You can also use the past perfect tense as 갔던 차에, or 먹었던 차에.
As you can see, both 갔 and 던 indicate the past. Thus, it becomes a past perfect.
Now, let’s look at an example.
Verb: Example 1
내가 선생님을 부르려던 차에 마침 오셨다.
While I was about to call the teacher, he just came.
Here, 부르다 is “to call.” You add – 려고 하다 “to try to” to make 부르려고 하다 “to try to call.”
Then you add – 던 차에 to make 부르려고 하던 차에 “while I was about to try to call.”
But this is not the end. It is shortened and becomes 부르려던 차에 “while I was about to call.”
Let’s look at the following example.
Verb: Example 2
내가 막 나가려던 차에 전화가 왔다.
I got a phone call when I was just about to go out.
Here, 나가다 means “to go out.” You add 려고 하다 “try to” to make 나가려고 하다 “(I) was just about to try to go out.”
Then you add 던 to make 나가려고 하던 “when I was just about to try to go out.”
And this is shortened to be 나가려던 차에 “when I was just about to go out.”
Verb: Example 3
내가 독일에 갔던 차에 네덜란드도 놀러 갔다.
While I had gone to Germany, I also visited Holland.
Here, the past tense 갔다 is “went.” You add – 던 차에 to the stem to make 갔던 차에 “while I had gone to.”
By the way, Holland is 네덜란드 in Korean.
The pronunciation is very different. Please keep this in the back of your mind.
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
1. 일손이 ( ) 차에 어떤 남성분이 도와 줘서 얼마나 고마웠는지 몰라요.
One man helped me while there was a shortage of staff, so I can’t tell you how grateful I was.
(1)모자란 (2) 모자라던
The correct answer is number two. 모자라다 means “be a shortage.” You add 던 차에 to make 모자라던 차에 “while there was a shortage.”
Number one, 모자란, is incorrect because the correct conjugation is 던 차에, not ㄴ 차에.
Now, let’s read it together!
일손이 (모자라던) 차에 어떤 남성분이 도와 줘서 얼마나 고마웠는지 몰라요.
Please read this with a grateful heart.
Now let’s look at the following quiz!
2. 장 보러 가던 ( ) 은행에도 갔다 왔다.
While I went shopping, I went to the bank.
(1)겸 (2) 차에
The correct answer is number two, 차에.
Because 차 is only connected to the past tense of a noun modifier 던.
Number one, 겸, is wrong because 겸 is always connected as (으)ㄹ 겸, not to the past tense of a noun modifier.
Now let’s read it together!
장 보러 가던 (차에) 은행에도 갔다 왔다.
Please read it, imagining a situation where you shop and go to the bank.
-았/었으면, -았/었을 텐데
Verbs • Adjectives + 았/었으면 – 았/었을 텐데
The last grammar is – 았/었으면, – 았/었을 텐데 “if (it) had been…, (it) would have been.”
You use this to hypothesize about alternative past outcomes.
In addition, it often expresses feelings of wishful thinking or regret.
For example, you can say, “If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.”
This person did not study hard, and that’s why he/she regret it now.
In this case, you use this grammar.
To conjugate, you add – 았/었으면 to the preceding clause and – 았/었을 텐데 to the following clause.
For example, 가다 “to go” will be 갔으면, – 했을 텐데 “if (I) had gone, I would have…” And 먹다 “to eat” will be 먹었으면, – 했을 텐데 “if (I) had eaten, I would have…”
Did you understand the concept?
Then let’s look at an example.
Verb: Example 1
내가 대학교 때 많이 공부를 했었으면 지금보다 더 좋은 회사에 들어갈 수 있었을 텐데.
If I had studied a lot when I was in college, I could have gotten into a better company than I am now.
In the preceding clause, the speaker used the past perfect tense 공부했었다 “had studied” You add – 으면 to the stem to make – 했었으면 “if I had studied.”
In the following clause, 들어갈 수 있었다 means “could have gotten into.” You add – 을 텐데 to the stem to make 들어갈 수 있었을 텐데 “I could have gotten.”
This sentence expresses the speaker’s regret “I should have studied a lot when I was in college.”
Then let’s see what a speaker regrets in the following example.
Verb: Example 2
그 때 내 여자 친구한테 그런 말을 안 했으면 우리는 지금도 계속 만났을 텐데.
If I hadn’t said those things to my girlfriend at that time, we would still be dating.
It is a sad example. In the preceding clause, 말을 안 했다 is “didn’t say.” You add – 으면 to the stem to make 말을 안 했으면 “If (I) hadn’t said.”
In the following clause, 만났다 is “dated.” You add – 을 텐데 to make 만났을 텐데 “(we) would be dating.”
It conveys a feeling of regret.
By the way, when reminiscing, you often use “that time, that thing.”
You can express these in Korean as 그 “that” as in 그 때 “at that time,” or 그런 말을 “that kind of word.”
Next, look at the example to see what a speaker regrets.
Verb: Example 3
일 년 전 그 일을 맡았으면 회사의 나에 대한 평가도 달라졌을 텐데.
If I had taken that job a year ago, the company’s evaluation of me would have been different.
Here, in the preceding clause, 맡았다 is “had taken on.” You add – 으면 to make 맡았으면 “If I had taken on.”
In the following clause, 달라졌다 means “was different.” You add – 을 텐데 to the stem to make 달라졌을 텐데 “would have been different.”
Adjective: Example 4
날씨가 좋았으면 밖에서 놀 수 있었을 텐데.
If the weather had been nice, we could have played outside.
In the previous section, you added 았으면 to 좋았다 “it was good” to make 좋았으면 “if it was good.”
In the later section, you added 었을 텐데 on 놀 수 있었다 “I was able to play” to make 놀 수 있었을 텐데 “I could have played.”
Quiz
Then, let’s deepen our understanding with some quizzes.
Which one is the correct answer?
1. 내가 이 책의 존재를 알았으면 더 나은 치료를 선택할 수 ( ) 텐데.
If I had known the existence of this book, I could have made better treatment choices.
(1)있었을 (2)없었을
The correct answer is number one. 선택할 수 있었다 is “could have made choices.” You add 을 텐데 to the stem to make 선택할 수 있었을 텐데 “could have made choices.”
Number two, 없었을, is incorrect because it differs from the context.
Now let’s read it together!
내가 이 책의 존재를 알았으면 더 나은 치료를 선택할 수 (있었을) 텐데.
Please read it with frustration. Now let’s look at the following quiz!
2. 내가 피아노를 칠 수 있었으면 애들이랑 같이 피아노를 ( ) 텐데.
If I could have played the piano, I would have enjoyed playing it with my children.
(1) 즐길 (2) 즐겼을
The correct answer is number two, 즐겼을.
From the translation, we know he regrets his past, so number two, 즐겼을, is appropriate.
Number one, 즐길, is grammatically incorrect. So, don’t use it! 쓰지 마세요!
Now, let’s read it together!
내가 피아노를 칠 수 있었으면 애들이랑 같이 피아노를 (즐겼을) 텐데.
Please read it with regret.
Homework
Now, I will say today’s saying!! Please, find out today’s grammar!!
포기하려던 차에
작은 희망의 빛을 발견한다면,
그것이 바로 다시 일어설
힘이 되는 법이다.
끝이라고 생각하던 순간은
새로운 시작의 문이다.
When you were just about to give up
but discovered a small ray of hope,
that becomes the strength to rise again.
The moment you think it’s the end is
the doorway to a new beginning.
Did you find today’s grammar? I hope you did!
So here’s your homework for today!
There are two homework assignments.
First, compose three sentences using today’s grammar.
① Firstly, let’s use “like / the way.”
For example,
- 내 친구는 잘못을 해도 항상 잘못이 없다는 식으로 이야기한다.
Even my friend does wrong things, but he has a way of saying he is not always at fault.
Oh… such a troublesome friend.
② Secondly, let’s use “while / when (I) was just about to.”
For example,
- 친구를 만나러 가던 차에 모교에서 은사님도 만났다.
When I was just about to see a friend, I met my mentor at my alma mater.
③ Lastly, let’s use – 았/었으면, – 았/었을 텐데 “if (it) had been…, (it) would have been.”
For example,
- 그 때 산책을 가지 않았으면 사고를 당하지 않았을 텐데.
I wouldn’t have had the accident if I hadn’t gone for a walk.
Like this. If you have any regrets, please write them in the comments section.
And remember, it’s in the past tense 던 차에. 윙크, 윙크!!
The second homework is to memorize new words.
Please memorize the forty words from number 2601 to number 2662 on page 33 in the intermediate vocabulary list.
My website has a vocabulary quiz, so feel free to try it.
The link is in the description box.
In addition, the test range for the grammar test is 61st to 66th.
I have included many grammar rules you have learned, so please try to strengthen your grammar and reading skills!
And to change the subject, I will issue a certificate of completion stating that you have become an Intermediate Master.
But, of course, I cannot give it to you for free! I’m not as easy as you think.
I will only give it to those who passed the Intermediate Final Test!
I will make another video about how to get a certificate, so please watch that as well.
And this will be the last video for the intermediate level!
Thank you all very much for your hard work!
I will sing a congratulatory song for you even though no one asked me to.
축하합니다. 축하합니다.
당신의 기쁜 날을 축하합니다.
축하합니다. 축하합니다. 오늘의 이 기쁨을 축하합니다.
오늘은 멋진 날 바로 당신의 날입니다.
모든 걱정은 털어버리고 오직 당신을 위해, 우리 모두 만세!
축하합니다. 축하합니다.
당신의 기쁜 날을 축하합니다.
축하합니다. 축하합니다.
오늘의 이 기쁨을 축하합니다.
Congratulations! Congratulations on your happy day.
I congratulate you on your happy day.
Congratulations on your happy day.
I congratulate you on your happy day.
Today is a great day, it’s your day.
All worries are put away, just long live all of us.
Even though this has been a long series, I am so glad you studied until the end!
Through your efforts, I was able to grow as well.
Thank you from the bottom of my heart.
The intermediate level has ended, but let’s continue to improve our Korean language skills!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！ 한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！
