[Learn Korean E36] “-(으)ㄴ”, “-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다”, “-(으)ㄴ 후에/다음에”

안녕하세요. 토미입니다.

The theme of today’s class is 【설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?】 “Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak?”

Today, we will learn how to modify nouns by making past tense, like (으)ㄴ+noun “that (I) did.”

If you learn how to use it, you can also apply to other expressions like 한 적이 있다/없다 “have done / have not done,” -한 후에, -한 다음에 “after doing (something).”

By learning these, I am sure you will see these expressions on TOPIK and be the super master of Korean!

그럼 시작할게요！

Listen to the Conversation

The theme of today’s class is【설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?】“Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak?”

Mt. Sulak is a very famous mountain in Korea for its beautiful scenery.
Have Sangmin and Tammy ever been to Mt. Sulak?

Let’s listen to their conversation and try to guess.

그럼 들어보세요!

• 상민：토미 씨, 이번 휴가 때 무슨 계획이 있어요?
  Sangmin：Tammy, do you have any plans for your upcoming vacation?
• 토미：없어요. 그렇지 않아도 어디로 갈까 고민 중이었어요.
  Tammy：I don’t have any. In fact, I was thinking about where I should go.
• 상민：혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?
  Sangmin：Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak by any chance?
• 토미：아니요, 못 가 봤어요.
  Tammy：No, I’ve never been there.
• 상민：그럼 우리 같이 등산하러 가는 건 어때요? 등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.
  Sangmin：Then, how about we go hiking together? After hiking, we can eat some delicious seafood.
• 토미：등산이요? 전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요. 등산하는 거 힘들지 않아요?
  Tammy：Hiking? I’ve never hiked before. Isn’t it difficult to hike?
• 상민：좀 힘들겠지만 경치는 최고예요. 산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.
  Sangmin：It might be a little tough, but the view is great. After hiking up to the summit, let’s take a photo together as a memorial.
• 토미：좋아요! 꼭 가 보고 싶네요. 그럼 쇼핑하러 갔다 와야 되겠네요. 등산복이나 등산화도 필요하겠죠?
  Tammy：Sounds good! I’d love to go there. I’ll have to go shopping then. I need hiking clothes and hiking shoes, right?

Vocabulary and Phrases

I’ll explain the vocabulary and phrases in the conversation now.

• 상민：토미 씨, 이번 휴가 때 무슨 계획이 있어요?

이번 is “this time/upcoming.”
지난번 is “last time,” and 다음 번 is “next time.”

• 토미：없어요. 그렇지 않아도 어디로 갈까 고민 중이었어요.

그렇지 않아도 means “actually/in fact.”
Instead of 그렇지 않아도, you can use 안 그래도 which also has the same meaning.

The word 고민 means “concern/worry,” and 중 is “in the middle of~.”
So 고민 중 directly translates to “in the middle of concerning/thinking.”
Similar to this, 생각 중 is “in the middle of thinking,” and 여행 중 is “ in the middle of traveling.”

• 상민：혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?

혹시 is “if/by any chance,” and there are other words with a similar meaning like 만일 and 만약.

설악산 is a famous mountain in Korea for its beautiful scenery and hiking course.

• 토미：아니요, 못 가 봤어요.

Let’s go over this 못 가 봤어요 “I’ve never been to.”
This expression includes 가 보다 “to try going,” which we learned in lesson 28, 아/어 보다 “to try doing something.”
When used in a past tense like 가 봤어요, it can also mean “I’ve tried going.” In other words, “I’ve been there.”

• 상민：그럼 우리 같이 등산하러 가는 건 어때요? 등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.

해산물 is a “seafood.”
Let’s learn some words related to seafood.
생선 is a “fish” and 조개 is a “shellfish,” 새우 is a “shrimp,” 오징어 is a “squid” and 문어 is an “octopus.”

• 토미：등산이요? 전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요. 등산하는 거 힘들지 않아요?

힘들다 means “to be tough/difficult/hard.”
You can use it like 일이 정말 힘들죠? “The work is really hard, isn’t it?”

• 상민：좀 힘들겠지만 경치는 최고예요. 산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.

경치 is a “scenery.”

산꼭대기 is a “summit (of a mountain).”
When you break down this word, 산 is a “mountain” and 꼭대기 is a “summit.”
By combining them together, it means “summit of a mountain.”

• 토미：좋아요! 꼭 가 보고 싶네요. 그럼 쇼핑하러 갔다 와야 되겠네요. 등산복이나 등산화도 필요하겠죠?

등산복 is “hiking clothes,” and 등산화 is “hiking shoes.”
So 등산복을 입고, 등산화를 신고 가요. means “I will wear hiking clothes and hiking shoes.”

Grammar

-(으)ㄴ

Now, let’s learn today’s grammar, -(으)ㄴ, “that (I) did.“

In the previous lesson #35, I taught you the present tense of action verbs for a noun modifier such as 상민 씨가 자주 가는 식당, “the restaurant that Sangmin often goes to.”
This “Sangmin often goes to” is a present tense.

Today, we will learn the past tense of action verbs.

So you can describe a noun in a way like
상민 씨가 자주 간 식당, “the restaurant that Sangmin often went to.”

There are 2 major patterns for the past tense.

1. when a verb stem has a final consonant, you add 은.
For example, 먹다 “to eat” becomes 먹은 “that (I) ate.”

2. when a verb stem does not have a final consonant, you add ㄴ, so 가다 “to go” becomes 간 “that (I) went”

Let’s go over ㄹ irregular.

When the stem finishes with ㄹ final consonant, you remove ㄹ, and add ㄴ.
For example, 만들다 “to make” becomes 만든 “that (I) made.”

Like this, irregular verbs change in different ways, so if you are not so sure, please review all the irregular changes.

In addition, we will learn (으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 “to have done- / have not done-,” and (으)ㄴ 후에, (으)ㄴ 다음에 “after doing something.”

As you can see (으)ㄴ is in common here, right?
This means their applications to grammar are all the same.

So I will skip the explanation, and give you more examples.
Let’s look at a sentence with a final consonant.

Ex.1)
이건 우리 오빠한테서 받은 선물이에요.
This is a gift that I received from my brother.

Here, the verbs like 받다(to receive), 믿다(to believe) and 닫다 (to be closed) do not apply to ㄷ irregular, so you change them in a regular way.
받다 “to receive” has ㄷ final consonant, so you add 은 to the stem to make 받은 “that I received.”

Ex.1)
어제 본 영화 정말 재미있었어요.
The movie that I watched yesterday was very entertaining.

Here, 보다 “to watch” does not have a final consonant, so you add ㄴ and it becomes 본 “that I watched”

Quiz

・아까 (      ) 사람이 누구예요?
Who is the person who came to visit you earlier?

(1)찾아온 (2)찾는

The answer is (1). 찾아오다 is “to come to visit.”
Since 찾아오다 does not have a final consonant, you just need to add ㄴ to the stem, so the answer is 찾아온 “who came to visit.”

The whole sentence would be 아까 (찾아온) 사람이 누구예요?

-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다

Next, let’s learn the grammar (으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 “to have done- / have not done-.”

As I mentioned earlier, this (으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 goes well with 아/어 보다 “to try to do” that we learned earlier in lesson 28, so it is often used in the form of 아/어 본 적이 있다/없다 “have tried ~ / have not tried~.”

Now, let’s take a look at some example sentences.
First is the case with a final consonant.

Ex.1)
전 이런 옷을 입은 적이 없어요.
I have never worn clothes like this before.

In this sentence, 입다 “to wear” has ㅂ final consonant, so you add 은 to the stem.
So, it becomes 입은 적이 없다 “I have never worn.”

Next are a few example sentences without a final consonant from today’s conversation.

Ex.2)
혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?
Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak by any chance?

Since 가 보다 “to try going to” does not have a final consonant, so it becomes 가 본 적이 있다 “have tried going to” which means “have gone to.”

Ex.3)
전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요.
I have never hiked before.

In this sentence, 등산해 보다 “to try hiking” does not have a final consonant, so it becomes 등산해 본 적이 없다 “I have never hiked.”

Quiz

・ 영화를 보면서 여러번 (    )적이 있어요.
I have cried many times watching a movie.

(1)울은 (2)운

The answer is (2). 울다 is “to cry.”
Since it finishes with ㄹ final consonant, you drop ㄹ, goodbye ㄹ and and add ㄴ instead to make 운.

The correct sentence would be 전 영화를 보면서 여러번 (운) 적이 있어요.

-(으)ㄴ 후에, -(으)ㄴ 다음에

Finally, let’s learn (으)ㄴ 후에 and (으)ㄴ 다음에 “after doing something.”
Actually, 다음에 means “next,” but in this grammar, it means “after doing something.”

So, let’s go over some example sentences.

Ex.1)
우리 점심 먹은 후에 운동 좀 할까요?
Shall we work out a bit after we eat lunch?

먹다 “to eat” has ㄱ final consonant, so you add 은 to make 먹은 후에 “after we eat.”
You can also say 먹은 다음에 instead.

Ex.2)
등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.
After hiking, we can eat some delicious seafood.

등산하다 “to hike” does not have a final consonant, so you add ㄴ to make 등산한 후에 “after hiking.”

Ex.3)
산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.
After hiking up to the summit, let’s take a photo together as a memorial.

Here, 올라가다 “to climb” does not have a final consonant, so it becomes 올라간 다음에 “after hiking.”

Quiz

・30분 정도 (　　　 ) 후에 저녁 먹을까요?
Shall we eat dinner after walking for about 30 minutes?

(1)걷은 (2)걸은

The answer is (2). 걷다 is “to walk.”
Since it finishes with ㄷ final consonant, it counts as ㄷ irregular, so you change ㄷ to ㄹ.
It should be 걸은 not 걷은.

The whole sentence would be 30분 정도 (걸은) 후에 저녁 먹을까요?

Conversation (Korean only)

Now, let’s try listening to the conversation only in Korean.

그럼 확인해 보세요!

• 상민：토미 씨, 이번 휴가 때 무슨 계획이 있어요?
• 토미：없어요. 그렇지 않아도 어디로 갈까 고민 중이었어요.
• 상민：혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?
• 토미：아니요, 못 가 봤어요.
• 상민：그럼 우리 같이 등산하러 가는 건 어때요? 등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.
• 토미：등산이요? 전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요. 등산하는 거 힘들지 않아요?
• 상민：좀 힘들겠지만 경치는 최고예요. 산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.
• 토미：좋아요! 꼭 가 보고 싶네요. 그럼 쇼핑하러 갔다 와야 되겠네요. 등산복이나 등산화도 필요하겠죠?

Conversation Practice

This is practice time! I will play the conversation one sentence at a time, so please try it along with me.

그럼 큰소리로 읽어 보세요！

• 상민：토미 씨, 이번 휴가 때 무슨 계획이 있어요?
  Sangmin：Tammy, do you have any plans for your upcoming vacation?
• 토미：없어요. 그렇지 않아도 어디로 갈까 고민 중이었어요.
  Tammy：I don’t have any. In fact, I was thinking about where I should go.
• 상민：혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?
  Sangmin：Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak by any chance?
• 토미：아니요, 못 가 봤어요.
  Tammy：No, I’ve never been there.
• 상민：그럼 우리 같이 등산하러 가는 건 어때요? 등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.
  Sangmin：Then, how about we go hiking together? After hiking, we can eat some delicious seafood.
• 토미：등산이요? 전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요. 등산하는 거 힘들지 않아요?
  Tammy：Hiking? I’ve never hiked before. Isn’t it difficult to hike?
• 상민：좀 힘들겠지만 경치는 최고예요. 산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.
  Sangmin：It might be a little tough, but the view is great. After hiking up to the summit, let’s take a photo together as a memorial.
• 토미：좋아요! 꼭 가 보고 싶네요. 그럼 쇼핑하러 갔다 와야 되겠네요. 등산복이나 등산화도 필요하겠죠?
  Tammy：Sounds good! I’d love to go there. I’ll have to go shopping then. I need hiking clothes and hiking shoes, right?

Homework

Let’s use (으)ㄴ 적이 있어요 “have done- / have not done-” and tell me about your special experience that other people rarely had.
For example, I would write

• 브라질에서 야생 개미핥기를 직접 본 적이 있어요.
  I have seen a wild anteater in Brazil.

I was really surprised at that time.
It would be nice if you could also write an English translation when you turn in your homework in Korean.
I’m looking forward to reading your amazing experiences!

The second homework is memorizing vocabulary.
Please memorize 40 words from #1041 to #1080 on page 14 of the Elementary Vocabulary List.

Good job, guys!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！ 한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！