[Learn Korean E34] “-(으)려고 하다”, “-(으)려고요”, “-아/어야 되다”

안녕하세요. 토미입니다.

I am so excited to teach you this fantastic language, Korean!

The theme of today’s class is “집에서 좀 쉬려고요 (I am going to rest at home).”

Today, we will learn the grammar ‘-(으)려고 하다(plan to/intend to)’ and ‘-(으)려고요(plan to).’
As you can see, these two expressions are very similar in showing one’s intentions.
In addition, we will learn ‘-아/어야 되다,’ which means ‘must / have to.’

By learning these, you can express a sentence like “I have to turn in homework to Tammy.”
I am sure you can hear these expressions on TOPIK, pass the test quickly, and become a super master of Korean!

그럼 시작할게요.

Listen to the Conversation

The theme of today’s conversation is “집에서 좀 쉬려고요 (I am going to rest at home).”

Tammy is not feeling so well.
Let’s listen to the conversation and try to guess what symptoms she has and what Sangmin recommends Tammy do.

그럼 들어보세요！

• 토미：여보세요, 상민 씨. 토미예요.
  Tammy： Hello, Sangmin. This is Tammy.
• 상민：네, 토미 씨. 근데 목소리가 왜 그래요?
  Sangmin： Yes, Tammy. By the way, what’s wrong with your voice?
• 토미：제가 좀 아파서요. 미안하지만 오늘 저녁 약속을 취소할 수 있을까요?
  Tammy： I’m feeling a bit sick. I’m sorry, but can I cancel the dinner this evening?
• 상민：그건 괜찮아요. 근데 많이 아파요?
  Sangmin： That’s okay. But are you feeling very bad?
• 토미：아침부터 머리도 아프고 기침도 좀 심해요. 그래서 집에서 좀 쉬려고요.
  Tammy： I have been having a headache since this morning and coughing a little hard. So I am going to rest at home for a bit.
• 상민：그래요? 병원에 가 봐야 되지 않겠어요? 열은 없어요?
  Sangmin： Oh really? Shouldn’t you go to a hospital? Don’t you have a fever?
• 토미：열은 안 나요. 약국에서 약도 사서 먹었어요.
  Tammy： I don’t have a fever. I bought some medicine at the pharmacy and took it.
• 상민：그랬군요. 약 잘 먹고 밥도 꼭 챙겨 먹어야 돼요!
  Sangmin： I see. Take the medicine, and I hope you eat your meals well!

Vocabulary and Phrases

• 토미：여보세요, 상민 씨. 토미예요.

“여보세요” is like “Hello” in English when you call someone on the phone.
When you are receiving a call, you can say like: “네, 전데요(Yes. It’s me).”

• 상민：네, 토미 씨. 근데 목소리가 왜 그래요?

‘목소리’ means ‘voice.’
‘목’ means a ‘neck’ or a ‘throat,’ and ‘소리’ is ‘sound/voice.’
Since ‘소리’ alone has two meanings, ‘소리가 크다’ can mean both ‘The sound is loud’ or ‘The voice is loud.’
So you distinguish them depending on each situation.

For example, when you go to a live concert, the singer often says “소리 질러! (Shout your voice!)” which means “Scream!”
In this case, ‘소리’ refers to ‘voice.’

• 토미：제가 좀 아파서요. 미안하지만 오늘 저녁 약속을 취소할 수 있을까요?

‘아프다’ means ‘to be hurting, aching.’
So ‘배가 아프다’ means ‘My stomach hurts.’
This ‘아프다’ can also mean ‘to be ill’, mainly when you are used to someone.
So “제가 좀 아파서요” means, “I feel a little bit sick.”

‘약속’ is an ‘appointment.’

‘취소하다’ means ‘to cancel.’
So, “약속을 취소할 수 있을까요?” means “Can I cancel the appointment?”

• 상민：그건 괜찮아요. 근데 많이 아파요?

In the conversation, Sangmin said, ‘많이 아파요? (Are you feeling very bad?).’
Here, let’s focus on ‘많이.’
We learned that ‘많이’ means ‘many’ before, but it can also mean ‘a lot/very.’

• 토미：아침부터 머리도 아프고 기침도 좀 심해요. 그래서 집에서 좀 쉬려고요.

‘머리’ is a ‘head.’
Now that we know the word ‘head,’ let’s learn other words that describe parts of a face.

‘얼굴’ is a ‘face,’ ‘눈썹’ is an ‘eyebrow,’ ‘눈’ is an ‘eye,’ ‘코’ is a ‘nose,’ ‘입’ is a ‘mouth,’ and ‘귀’ is an ‘ear.’

‘기침’ is a ‘cough,’ and ‘심하다’ means ‘to be severe.’
So when you say ‘기침이 심하다,’ that means ‘to cough hard.’
You can also say ‘기침이 멎다’ or ‘기침이 멈추다(to stop coughing).’

• 상민：그래요? 병원에 가 봐야 되지 않겠어요? 열은 없어요?

‘병원’ is a ‘hospital.’
Other words related to a hospital are ‘입원(hospitalization)’ and ‘퇴원(discharge (from the hospital)).’

‘열’ means a ‘fever.’ ‘열이 나다’ is ‘to have a fever.’
‘열이 없다’ means ‘(one) does not have a fever.’
So, Sangmin said “열은 없어요?,” which means “Don’t you have a fever?”

• 토미：열은 안 나요. 약국에서 약도 사서 먹었어요.

‘약국’ is a ‘pharmacy’, and ‘약’ is a ‘medicine.’

In English, you say ‘to take medicine.’
In Korean, we use ‘약 먹다(to eat a medicine)’ instead.

In addition to medicine, we also use ‘먹다’ for drinks like ‘술(alcohol)’ and ‘물(water).’
If you can drink it in one gulp like drinking alcohol, water, or taking medicine, we use ‘먹다 (to eat).’

• 상민：그랬군요. 약 잘 먹고 밥도 꼭 챙겨 먹어야 돼요!

“그랬군요” means “I see.”

‘챙겨 먹다’ means ‘to eat without missing any meal.’
This verb is made up of ‘챙기다(to prepare (something you need))’ and ‘먹다(to eat).’

Grammar

(으)려고 하다

First, let’s take a look at ‘(으)려고 하다(plan to/going to/intend to).’

You use this grammar to show that you are planning to do something.
You can also end the sentence by using ‘(으)려고요(to think of doing something).’

There are 3 significant patterns to apply this grammar.

1. First, when the verb stem has a final consonant, you add ‘으려고 하다.’
So for verbs like ‘먹다(to eat),’ it becomes ‘먹으려고 하다(going to eat/plan to eat).’

2. Second, when the verb stem does not have a final consonant, you add ‘려고 하다.’
So ‘쉬다(to rest)’ becomes ‘쉬려고 하다(going to rest/plan to rest).’

3. Third, the verb stem ends with a /ㄹ/ final consonant. You keep the /ㄹ/ and attach ‘려고 하다.’
For example, ‘놀다(to play)’ becomes ‘놀려고 하다(going to play/plan to play).’
So, don’t say “goodbye to /ㄹ/” this time. /ㄹ/ must stay!

Let’s look at an example with a final consonant.

Ex.1)
여기서 사진 좀 찍으려고 해요.
I’m going to take some photos here.

Here, ‘찍다(to take (a photo))’ has a /ㄱ/ final consonant, so you attach ‘으려고 하다’ and it becomes ‘찍으려고 하다.’
Then you change ‘하다’ at the end of the phrase to ‘요 form,’ and it becomes ‘찍으려고 해요.’

Next, look at an example without a final consonant.
This is from today’s conversation.

Ex.2)
집에서 좀 쉬려고요.
I’m going to rest at home.

Here, ‘쉬다 (to rest)’ does not have a final consonant.
So you connect with ‘려고요’ to make ‘쉬려고요(going to rest).’
When you use ‘(으)려고 해요’ and say “집에서 좀 쉬려고 해요,” it also means the same.

Next, let’s look at an example with the/ㄹ/ as the final consonant.

Ex.3)
이 가방을 왜 팔려고 해요?
Why are you going to sell this bag?

Here, ‘팔다(to sell)’ has /ㄹ/ final consonant. In this case, you attach ‘려고 해요’ directly to the stem to make ‘팔려고 해요(be going to sell).’

Quiz

What goes into the parentheses?

・ 선배한테 질문을 좀 (       ).
I’m going to ask my senior colleague a few questions.

(1)물어보려고요 (2)물어봤어요

The answer is (1).
‘물어보다’ is ‘to ask.’
Since this verb does not have a final consonant, you attach ‘려고요’ to the stem, and it becomes ‘물어보려고요.’
You can also say, ‘물어보려고 해요.’

The whole sentence would be “선배한테 질문을 좀 물어보려고요.”　

아/어야 되다

Next, let’s learn ‘아/어야 되다(must/need to/have to).’

To apply this, you must first think about the ‘요 form’.
And then, remove ‘요,’ goodbye ‘요,’ and attach ‘야 되다.’

Since this ‘되다’ is the dictionary form, you should make them suitable for conversation as ‘돼요.
Now I will explain the grammar ‘아/어야 돼요.’

In the conversation, Sangming says
밥도 꼭 챙겨 먹어야 돼요.
I hope you eat your meals well.

Let’s focus on ‘먹어야 돼요’ in this sentence.
The ‘요 form‘ of ‘먹다’ is ‘먹어요.’
You remove ‘요,’ goodbye ‘요’ and add ‘야 돼요.’

Then it becomes ‘먹어야 돼요(you need to eat).’
But “you need to eat” sounds a little demanding, doesn’t it?
So, in this case, you can translate it as “I hope you eat your meals well.”

Ex.)
내일 시험이 있어서 오늘은 공부해야 돼요.
I have an exam tomorrow, so I have to study today.

Here, the ‘요 form’ of ‘공부하다(to study)’ is …’공부해요.’
You remove ‘요’ from ‘공부해요,’ goodbye ‘요,’ and add ‘야 돼요’ to say ‘공부해야 돼요.’

Quiz

What goes into the parentheses?

・ 여기서 회사까지는 몇 분 (      )?
How long do I need to walk from here to the office?

(1)걷어야 돼요 (2)걸어야 돼요

The answer is (2).
‘걷다’ is ‘to walk.’
Since the stem finishes with the /ㄷ/ final consonant, it is /ㄷ/ irregular.
Yes, the one you have to be careful of.
So its’ ‘요 form‘ is…. ‘걸어요.’ Not ‘걷어요.’
So you remove 요, goodbye 요, and add 야 돼요. The answer becomes 걸어야 돼요.

The whole sentence would be “여기서 회사까지는 몇 분 (걸어야 돼요)?”

Conversation (Korean only)

Since I’ve finished explaining everything, let’s listen to the conversation again in Korean.
You should be able to understand it much better than in the beginning.

그럼 확인해 보세요！

• 토미：여보세요, 상민 씨. 토미예요.
• 상민：네, 토미 씨. 근데 목소리가 왜 그래요?
• 토미：제가 좀 아파서요. 미안하지만 오늘 저녁 약속을 취소할 수 있을까요?
• 상민：그건 괜찮아요. 근데 많이 아파요?
• 토미：아침부터 머리도 아프고 기침도 좀 심해요. 그래서 집에서 좀 쉬려고요.
• 상민：그래요? 병원에 가 봐야 되지 않겠어요? 열은 없어요?
• 토미：열은 안 나요. 약국에서 약도 사서 먹었어요.
• 상민：그랬군요. 약 잘 먹고 밥도 꼭 챙겨 먹어야 돼요!

Conversation Practice

Let’s have practice time.
그럼 큰소리로 읽어 보세요！

• 토미：여보세요, 상민 씨. 토미예요.
  Tammy： Hello, Sangmin. This is Tammy.
• 상민：네, 토미 씨. 근데 목소리가 왜 그래요?
  Sangmin： Yes, Tammy. By the way, what’s wrong with your voice?
• 토미：제가 좀 아파서요. 미안하지만 오늘 저녁 약속을 취소할 수 있을까요?
  Tammy： I’m feeling a bit sick. I’m sorry, but can I cancel the dinner this evening?
• 상민：그건 괜찮아요. 근데 많이 아파요?
  Sangmin： That’s okay. But are you feeling very bad?
• 토미：아침부터 머리도 아프고 기침도 좀 심해요. 그래서 집에서 좀 쉬려고요.
  Tammy： I have been having a headache since this morning and coughing a little hard. So I am going to rest at home for a bit.
• 상민：그래요? 병원에 가 봐야 되지 않겠어요? 열은 없어요?
  Sangmin： Oh really? Shouldn’t you go to a hospital? Don’t you have a fever?
• 토미：열은 안 나요. 약국에서 약도 사서 먹었어요.
  Tammy： I don’t have a fever. I bought some medicine at the pharmacy and took it.
• 상민：그랬군요. 약 잘 먹고 밥도 꼭 챙겨 먹어야 돼요!
  Sangmin： I see. Take the medicine, and I hope you eat your meals well for sure!

Homework

We have two homework assignments, as usual.

For the first homework assignment, please write two sentences using the grammar we learned today.

First, use ‘(으)려고 해요(plan to, intend to)’ to explain what you’re going to do tomorrow.
For example, I would say

• 내일은 친구한테 전화를 걸려고 해요.
  I’m going to call my friend tomorrow.

Second, use ‘아/어야 돼요(to explain something that you have to do by tomorrow).’
For example,

• 내일은 꼭 장 보러 가야 돼요.
  I must go buy groceries tomorrow.

The second homework is memorizing vocabulary.
Please memorize #961 to #1000 on page 13 of the Elementary Vocabulary List.

That’s all for today!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！ 한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！