์๋ ํ์ธ์. ํ ๋ฏธ์ ๋๋ค.
The theme of todayโs class is ใํ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์ใ โI think itโs better to take a taxi.โ
We will learn how to modify nouns with action verbs -๋ โthat (I) do,โ and how to politely express your opinion to others with the expression -๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค โItโs better to (do an action).โ
Lesson 31 to 35 will be on the test. You can build a solid grammatical foundation through the exam.
By learning my lessons, I am sure you can pass TOPIK smoothly, and be the super master of Korean!
๊ทธ๋ผ ์์ํ ๊ฒ์.
Listen to the Conversation
The theme of todayโs conversation is ใํ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์ใ โI think itโs better to take a taxi.โ
Sangmin and Tammy are talking about what they are going to have for lunch today.
What will they eat? Please listen to the conversation and try to guess.
๊ทธ๋ผ ๋ค์ด๋ณด์ธ์๏ผ
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผํ ๋ฏธ ์จ, ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์์ด์?
Sangmin๏ผTammy, did you eat lunch? - ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์๋์, ์์ง ์ ๋จน์์ด์. ์ด์ ๋จน์ผ๋ ค๊ณ ์. ์๋ฏผ ์จ๋์?
Tammy๏ผNo, I havenโt eaten yet. Iโm going to eat now. How about you, Sangmin? - ์๋ฏผ๏ผ์๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ด ๋จน์ฃ .
Sangmin๏ผGood. Letโs eat together. - ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์ข์์. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ญ ๋จน์๊น์? ์๋ฏผ ์จ๊ฐ ์์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ ์๋น์ด ์์ด์?
Tammy๏ผOkay. But what should we eat? Is there a restaurant that you go to often? - ์๋ฏผ๏ผ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ํ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒ๊ฐ ์์ด์. ํ ๋ฏธ ์จ๋ ์๋๋ถ์ฐ๊ฐ๋ ๋์ฅ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ข์ํด์? ์ข์ํ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๊น์?
Sangmin๏ผThere is a restaurant that makes good Jjigae. Do you like Soondubu Jjigae or Doenjang Jjigae? If you do, why donโt we go there? - ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์ฐ๊ฐ์? ๋ง์๊ฒ ๋ค. ์ข์์. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃ . ๊ฑธ์ด์ ๊ฐ ์ ์์ด์?
Tammy๏ผJjigae? Sounds delicious. Good. Letโs go there. Can we walk there? - ์๋ฏผ๏ผ๋ค. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ข ๋ง์ด ๊ฑธ์ด์ผ ๋ผ์. ํ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์.
Sangmin๏ผYes. But we have to walk a lot. I think itโs better to take a taxi.
Vocabulary and Phrases
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผํ ๋ฏธ ์จ, ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์์ด์?
- ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์๋์, ์์ง ์ ๋จน์์ด์. ์ด์ ๋จน์ผ๋ ค๊ณ ์. ์๋ฏผ ์จ๋์?
์ด์ means โnow.โ
As in todayโs conversation, ์ด์ ๋จน์ผ๋ ค๊ณ ์. would mean โIโm going to eat now.โ
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผ์๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ด ๋จน์ฃ .
์๋๋ค means โto do well, to go well, to succeed.โ
For example, ๊ณต๋ถ๊ฐ ์๋๋ค is โthe study goes wellโ and ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ์๋๋ค is โa company is doing well.โ
When this ์๋๋ค is used in the past tense as ์๋๋ค in the conversation, it means โGoodโ in the sense of โIโm gladโ or โIโm lucky.โ
By the way, you can use ์๋๋ค when you are talking to someone in a friendly way, or when you are talking to yourself.
- ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์ข์์. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ญ ๋จน์๊น์? ์๋ฏผ ์จ๊ฐ ์์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ ์๋น์ด ์์ด์?
์์ฃผ means โoften/frequently.โ
์๋น means a โrestaurantโ or a โdining hall.โ
In addition to ์๋น, another commonly used word that means โrestaurantโ is ์์์ .
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ํ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒ๊ฐ ์์ด์. ํ ๋ฏธ ์จ๋ ์๋๋ถ์ฐ๊ฐ๋ ๋์ฅ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ข์ํด์? ์ข์ํ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๊น์?
์ฐ๊ฐ is Korean stew made by putting several ingredients such as tofu, vegetables, seafood and etc.
์๋๋ถ์ฐ๊ฐโs main ingredient is soft tofu, and ๋์ฅ์ฐ๊ฐ is soybean paste stew.
Korean stews are very hot and delicious, I hope you enjoy eating them in Korea.
- ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์ฐ๊ฐ์? ๋ง์๊ฒ ๋ค. ์ข์์. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃ . ๊ฑธ์ด์ ๊ฐ ์ ์์ด์?
๋ง์๊ฒ ๋ค means โIt sounds delicious.โ
Similar to ์๋๋ค โgoodโ that we have just learned, you use the phrase when you talk to someone in a friendly way or to yourself.
In a polite manner, you can also say ๋ง์๊ฒ ๋ค์ โIt sounds delicious.โ
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผ๋ค. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ข ๋ง์ด ๊ฑธ์ด์ผ ๋ผ์. ํ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์.
ํ์ is a โtaxi.โ
Letโs also learn how to say vehicles.
We have already covered ๋ฒ์ค a โbus,โ ์งํ์ฒ a โsubway,โ and ๋นํ๊ธฐ an โairplane.โ
There are also other vehicles like ์๋์ฐจ a โcar,โ ์์ ๊ฑฐ a โbicycle,โ ์คํ ๋ฐ์ด a โmotorcycleโ and ์ ์ฒ a โsubway train.โ
Grammar
-๋ใNoun Modifier
I will give you an example.
I said this phrase in the conversation.
- ์๋ฏผ ์จ๊ฐ ์์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ ์๋น์ด ์์ด์?
Is there a restaurant that you often go to, Sangmin?
Letโs focus on โthat you often go toโ in English.
This part is describing a restaurant specifically as an adjective.
โThat you often go toโโs โgo toโ is a verb, which modifies the noun โrestaurant.โ
If you are describing a noun like this, this grammar is called a noun modifier.
In addition, in English, you can say โthat, who, where, whichโ to make a modifier like โa restaurant that I eat, where I eat, which I eatโ etc.
But in Korean, you donโt need all of these.
Just attach ๋ to the verb stem.
Moreover, in English, the sentence order is noun (a restaurant) + modifier (that) + subject (you) + verb (go to).
But in Korean, the order is going to be a verb stem (๊ฐ) + modifier(๋) + noun (a restaurant).
There are past, present and future tense to turn action verbs into adjectives.
Today, we will focus on the present tense of action verbs, ๋.
Tense | Action verbs |
Past | (์ผ)ใด |
Present | ๋ |
Future | (์ผ)ใน |
How to use this grammar is actually very simple.
You just need to attach -๋ to the verb stem whether it has a final consonant or not.
For example, ๋จน๋ค โto eatโ becomes ๋จน๋, which means โthat (I) eat.โ
A verb without a final consonant like ๋ณด๋ค โto seeโ becomes ๋ณด๋, which means โthat (I) see.โ
Also notice that pronouns such as I, you, he, she and etc are omitted in a sentence.
If you want to specify it, you should add it in a sentence.
Otherwise, it is okay to omit in Korean.
Then, letโs look at a phrase in the conversation again.
Ex.1)
์๋ฏผ ์จ๊ฐ ์์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ ์๋น์ด ์์ด์?
Is there a restaurant that you often go to, Sangmin?
Here, ๊ฐ๋ค is โto go.โ The verb stem is ๊ฐ.
So you attach ๋ to make ๊ฐ๋ โthat (you) go.โ
Ex.2)
์ฐ๊ฐ ์ํ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒ๊ฐ ์์ด์.
There is a restaurant that makes good Jjigae.
Here, ์ํ๋ค is โto do well.โ
The verb stem is ์ํ. You attach ๋ to make ์ํ๋ โthat makesโ
Quiz
What fits into the parentheses?
ใปใ์ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋๊ฐ (โโโโโโ) ํ์ฌ์์.
This is the company that my sister works for.
(1)์ผํ (2)์ผํ๋
The answer is (2).
์ผํ๋ค is โto work.โ So, if you add ๋ to the stem to make ์ผํ๋.
The whole sentence would be ์ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋๊ฐ (์ผํ๋) ํ์ฌ์์.
-๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋คใ Itโs better to~, Itโs good to~
Second grammar we are going to learn is -๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค โItโs better to (do an action.)โ
The way to use this grammar is same as ๋.
Regardless of a final consonant in a stem, you add -๋ to the verb stem.
For example, ์ฌ๋ค โto buyโ becomes ์ฌ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค โItโs better to buy,โ and ๋ฃ๋ค โto listenโ becomes ๋ฃ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค โItโs better to listen. โ
For ๋ง๋ค๋ค โto make,โ you drop ใน, so it becomes ๋ง๋๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค โItโs better to make.โ
Now, letโs go over a phrase that was in todayโs conversation.
Ex.1)
ํ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์.
I think itโs better to take a taxi.
Since ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ค means โto take (a taxi),โ you attach ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ๋ค directly to say ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ๋ค โI think itโs better to take.โ
The ์ form of ์ข๊ฒ ๋ค is ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์.
So together, it becomes ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์. โI think itโs better to take.โ
Ex.2)
์ท์ ๋ ์
๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์ง ์์๊น์?
Wouldnโt it be better to wear more clothes?
์
๋ค โto wearโ becomes ์
๋, so the phase becomes ์
๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค โItโs better to wear.โ
To make โWouldnโt it?โ in a sentence, you need to use (์ผ)ใน๊น์? at the end of the sentence.
So it becomes ์
๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์ง ์์๊น์?
Ex.3)
์ด๊ฑฐ ํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์์.
I think itโs better to sell this.
ํ๋ค โto sellโ finishes with ใน final consonant.
So, you drop ใน, goodbye ใน and add ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค to make ํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค โItโs better to sell.โ
โI thinkโ can be expressed as (์ผ)ใน ๊ฑฐ์์, so it becomes ํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์ ๊ฑฐ์์. โI think itโs better to sell.โ
Quiz
What goes into the parentheses?
ใป ๋ช ์์ (โโโโโโโโโโโโ) ์ข์๊น์?
What time is it better to start?
(1)์์ํ๋ ๊ฒ (2)์์ํ๋ค ๊ฒ
The answer is (1).
์์ํ๋ค is โto start,โ right? So ์์ํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค is โItโs better to start.โ
To ask โis it~?โ, you just need to say (์ผ)ใน๊น์?, so it becomes ์์ํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์๊น์? โIs it better to start?โ
The whole sentence would be ๋ช ์์ (์์ํ๋ ๊ฒ) ์ข์๊น์?
Conversation (Korean only)
Letโs listen to the conversation once again, but this time only in Korean.
๊ทธ๋ผ ํ์ธํด ๋ณด์ธ์๏ผ
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผํ ๋ฏธ ์จ, ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์์ด์?
- ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์๋์, ์์ง ์ ๋จน์์ด์. ์ด์ ๋จน์ผ๋ ค๊ณ ์. ์๋ฏผ ์จ๋์?
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผ์๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ด ๋จน์ฃ .
- ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์ข์์. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ญ ๋จน์๊น์? ์๋ฏผ ์จ๊ฐ ์์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ ์๋น์ด ์์ด์?
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ํ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒ๊ฐ ์์ด์. ํ ๋ฏธ ์จ๋ ์๋๋ถ์ฐ๊ฐ๋ ๋์ฅ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ข์ํด์? ์ข์ํ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๊น์?
- ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์ฐ๊ฐ์? ๋ง์๊ฒ ๋ค. ์ข์์. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃ . ๊ฑธ์ด์ ๊ฐ ์ ์์ด์?
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผ๋ค. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ข ๋ง์ด ๊ฑธ์ด์ผ ๋ผ์. ํ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์.
Conversation Practice
This is practice time.
๊ทธ๋ผ ํฐ์๋ฆฌ๋ก ์ฝ์ด ๋ณด์ธ์๏ผ
- ์๋ฏผ๏ผํ ๋ฏธ ์จ, ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์์ด์?
Sangmin๏ผTammy, did you eat lunch? - ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์๋์, ์์ง ์ ๋จน์์ด์. ์ด์ ๋จน์ผ๋ ค๊ณ ์. ์๋ฏผ ์จ๋์?
Tammy๏ผNo, I havenโt eaten yet. Iโm going to eat now. How about you, Sangmin? - ์๋ฏผ๏ผ์๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ด ๋จน์ฃ .
Sangmin๏ผGood. Letโs eat together. - ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์ข์์. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋ญ ๋จน์๊น์? ์๋ฏผ ์จ๊ฐ ์์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ ์๋น์ด ์์ด์?
Tammy๏ผOkay. But what should we eat? Is there a restaurant that you go to often? - ์๋ฏผ๏ผ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ํ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒ๊ฐ ์์ด์. ํ ๋ฏธ ์จ๋ ์๋๋ถ์ฐ๊ฐ๋ ๋์ฅ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ข์ํด์? ์ข์ํ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๊น์?
Sangmin๏ผThere is a restaurant that makes good Jjigae. Do you like Soondubu Jjigae or Doenjang Jjigae? If you do, why donโt we go there? - ํ ๋ฏธ๏ผ์ฐ๊ฐ์? ๋ง์๊ฒ ๋ค. ์ข์์. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃ . ๊ฑธ์ด์ ๊ฐ ์ ์์ด์?
Tammy๏ผJjigae? Sounds delicious. Good. Letโs go there. Can we walk there? - ์๋ฏผ๏ผ๋ค. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ข ๋ง์ด ๊ฑธ์ด์ผ ๋ผ์. ํ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์.
Sangmin๏ผYes. But we have to walk a lot. I think itโs better to take a taxi.
Homework
We have two homework assignments for today.
The first homework is to make a sentence.
Use ํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข๋ค that we learned today to give advice to someone, such as โItโs better to do~.โ
For example,
- ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ์ ์ฌ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์์.
If you catch a cold, itโs better go home early to take a rest.
The second homework is memorizing vocabulary.
Please memorize 40 words from #1001 to #1040 on page 13 of the Elementary Vocabulary List.
Also this is the 35th lesson. So, I prepared a special test for you.
Lesson No. 31 to 35 will be on the test.
You can strengthen your reading skills and grammar through it.
And I am certain it can be a solid foundation for answering all the questions on TOPIK.
Thatโs all for today!
๊ทธ๋ผ ์ค๋๋ ํ๋ณต ๊ฐ๋, ์์ ๊ฐ๋ํ ํ๋ฃจ ๋์ธ์๏ผ ํ๊ตญ์ด ํ์ดํ
, ํ์ดํ
, ํ์ดํ
๏ผ๏ผ
Vocabulary Test : 40 Questions
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