[Learn Korean E36] “-(으)ㄴ”, “-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다”, “-(으)ㄴ 후에/다음에”

안녕하세요. 토미입니다.

The theme of today’s class is “설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요? (Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak?)”

Today, we will learn how to modify nouns by making past tense, like ‘(으)ㄴ+noun(that (I) did).’

If you learn how to use it, you can also apply it to other expressions like ‘한 적이 있다/없다(have done/have not done),’ ‘-한 후에, -한 다음에(after doing (something)).’

By learning these, I am sure you will see these expressions on TOPIK and be a master of Korean!

그럼 시작할게요！

Listen to the Conversation

The theme of today’s class is “설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요? (Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak?)”

Mt. Sulak is a very famous mountain in Korea for its beautiful scenery.
Have Sangmin and Tammy ever been to Mt. Sulak?

Let’s listen to their conversation and try to guess.

그럼 들어보세요!

• 상민：토미 씨, 이번 휴가 때 무슨 계획이 있어요?
  Sangmin： Tammy, do you have any plans for your upcoming vacation?
• 토미：없어요. 그렇지 않아도 어디로 갈까 고민 중이었어요.
  Tammy： I don’t have any. In fact, I was thinking about where I should go.
• 상민：혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?
  Sangmin： Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak by any chance?
• 토미：아니요, 못 가 봤어요.
  Tammy： No, I’ve never been there.
• 상민：그럼 우리 같이 등산하러 가는 건 어때요? 등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.
  Sangmin： Then, how about we go hiking together? After hiking, we can eat some delicious seafood.
• 토미：등산이요? 전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요. 등산하는 거 힘들지 않아요?
  Tammy： Hiking? I’ve never hiked before. Isn’t it difficult to hike?
• 상민：좀 힘들겠지만 경치는 최고예요. 산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.
  Sangmin： The view might be great, but it might be a little touch. After hiking up to the summit, let’s take a photo together as a memorial.
• 토미：좋아요! 꼭 가 보고 싶네요. 그럼 쇼핑하러 갔다 와야 되겠네요. 등산복이나 등산화도 필요하겠죠?
  Tammy： That sounds good! I’d love to go there. I’ll have to go shopping then. I need hiking clothes and hiking shoes, right?

Vocabulary and Phrases

I’ll explain the vocabulary and phrases in the conversation now.

• 상민：토미 씨, 이번 휴가 때 무슨 계획이 있어요?

‘이번’ is ‘this time/upcoming.’
‘지난번’ is ‘last time,’ and ‘다음 번’ is ‘next time.’

• 토미：없어요. 그렇지 않아도 어디로 갈까 고민 중이었어요.

‘그렇지 않아도’ means ‘actually/in fact.’
Instead of ‘그렇지 않아도,’ you can use ‘안 그래도,’ which also has the same meaning.

The word ‘고민’ means ‘concern/worry,’ and ‘중’ is ‘in the middle of~.’
So ‘고민 중’ directly translates to ‘in the middle of concerning/thinking.’
Similar to this, ‘생각 중’ is ‘in the middle of thinking,’ and ‘여행 중’ is ‘in the middle of traveling.’

• 상민：혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?

‘혹시’ is ‘if/by any chance,’ and there are other words with a similar meaning, like ‘만일’ and ‘만약.’

‘설악산’ is a famous mountain in Korea for its beautiful scenery and hiking course.

• 토미：아니요, 못 가 봤어요.

Let’s go over this ‘못 가 봤어요(I’ve never been to).’
This expression includes ‘가 보다(to try going)),’ which we learned in lesson 28, ‘아/어 보다(to try doing something).’
When used in a past tense like “가 봤어요,” it can also mean “I’ve tried going.” In other words, “I’ve been there.”

• 상민：그럼 우리 같이 등산하러 가는 건 어때요? 등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.

‘해산물’ is a ‘seafood.’
Let’s learn some words related to seafood.
‘생선’ is a ‘fish’ and ‘조개’ is a ‘shellfish,’ ‘새우’ is a ‘shrimp,’ ‘오징어’ is a ‘squid’ and ‘문어’ is an ‘octopus.’

• 토미：등산이요? 전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요. 등산하는 거 힘들지 않아요?

‘힘들다’ means ‘to be tough/difficult/hard.’
You can use it like “일이 정말 힘들죠? (The work is really hard, isn’t it?)”

• 상민：좀 힘들겠지만 경치는 최고예요. 산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.

‘경치’ is a ‘scenery.’

‘산꼭대기’ is a ‘summit(of a mountain).’
When you break down this word, ‘산’ is a ‘mountain’ and ‘꼭대기’ is a ‘summit.’
By combining them together, it means ‘summit of a mountain.’

• 토미：좋아요! 꼭 가 보고 싶네요. 그럼 쇼핑하러 갔다 와야 되겠네요. 등산복이나 등산화도 필요하겠죠?

‘등산복’ is ‘hiking clothes,’ and ‘등산화’ is ‘hiking shoes.’
So “등산복을 입고 등산화를 신고 가요.” means “I will wear hiking clothes and hiking shoes.”

Grammar

-(으)ㄴ

Now, let’s learn today’s grammar, ‘-(으)ㄴ(that (I) did).’

In the previous lesson 35, I taught you the present tense of action verbs for a noun modifier such as ‘상민 씨가 자주 가는 식당(the restaurant that Sangmin often goes to).’
This ‘Sangmin often goes to’ is in the present tense.

Today, we will learn the past tense of action verbs.

So you can describe a noun in a way like
‘상민 씨가 자주 간 식당(the restaurant that Sangmin often went to).’

There are 2 major patterns for the past tense.

1. when a verb stem has a final consonant, you add ‘은.’
For example, ‘먹다(to eat)’ becomes ‘먹은(that (I) ate).’

2. when a verb stem does not have a final consonant, you add /ㄴ/, so ‘가다(to go)’ becomes ‘간(that (I) went).’

Let’s go over /ㄹ/ irregular.

When the stem finishes with the /ㄹ/ final consonant, you remove /ㄹ/ and add /ㄴ/.
For example, ‘만들다(to make)’ becomes ‘만든(that (I) made).’

Like this, irregular verbs change differently, so if you are unsure, please review all the irregular changes.

In addition, we will learn ‘(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다(to have done- / have not done-),’ and ‘(으)ㄴ 후에, (으)ㄴ 다음에(after doing something).’

As you can see, ‘(으)ㄴ’ is common here, right?
This means their applications to grammar are all the same.

So, I will skip the explanation and give you more examples.
Let’s look at a sentence with a final consonant.

Ex.1)
이건 우리 오빠한테서 받은 선물이에요.
This is a gift that I received from my brother.

Here, the verbs like ‘받다(to receive),’ ‘믿다(to believe)’ and ‘닫다 (to be closed)’ do not apply to /ㄷ/ irregular, so you regularly change them.
‘받다(to receive)’ has /ㄷ/ final consonant, so you add ‘은’ to the stem to make ‘받은(that I received).’

Ex.1)
어제 본 영화 정말 재미있었어요.
The movie that I watched yesterday was very entertaining.

Here, ‘보다(to watch)’ does not have a final consonant, so you add /ㄴ/ and it becomes ‘본(that I watched).’

Quiz

・아까 (                ) 사람이 누구예요?
Who is the person who came to visit you earlier?

(1)찾아온 (2)찾는

The answer is (1). ‘찾아오다’ is ‘to come to visit.’
Since ‘찾아오다’ does not have a final consonant, you need to add /ㄴ/ to the stem, so the answer is ‘찾아온(who came to visit).’

The whole sentence would be “아까 (찾아온) 사람이 누구예요?”

-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다

Next, let’s learn the grammar ‘(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다(to have done- / have not done-).’

As I mentioned earlier, this’(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다’ goes well with ‘아/어 보다(to try to do)’ that we learned earlier in lesson 28, so it is often used in the form of ‘아/어 본 적이 있다/없다(have tried ~ / have not tried~).’

Now, let’s take a look at some example sentences.
First is the case with a final consonant.

Ex.1)
전 이런 옷을 입은 적이 없어요.
I have never worn clothes like this before.

In this sentence, ‘입다(to wear)’ has /ㅂ/ final consonant, so you add ‘은’ to the stem.
So, it becomes ‘입은 적이 없다(I have never worn).’

Next are a few example sentences without a final consonant from today’s conversation.

Ex.2)
혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?
Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak, by any chance?

Since ‘가 보다(to try going to)’ does not have a final consonant, it becomes ‘가 본 적이 있다(have tried going to)’ which means ‘have gone to.’

Ex.3)
전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요.
I have never hiked before.

In this sentence, ‘등산해 보다(to try hiking)’ does not have a final consonant, so it becomes ‘등산해 본 적이 없다(I have never hiked).’

Quiz

・ 영화를 보면서 여러번 (    )적이 있어요.
I have cried many times watching a movie.

(1)울은 (2)운

The answer is (2). ‘울다’ is ‘to cry.’
Since it finishes with the /ㄹ/ final consonant, you drop /ㄹ/, goodbye /ㄹ/ and add /ㄴ/ instead to make ‘운.’

The correct sentence would be “전 영화를 보면서 여러번 (운) 적이 있어요.”

-(으)ㄴ 후에, -(으)ㄴ 다음에

Finally, let’s learn ‘(으)ㄴ 후에’ and ‘(으)ㄴ 다음에(after doing something).’
Actually, ‘다음에’ means ‘next,’ but in this grammar, it means ‘after doing something.’

So, let’s go over some example sentences.

Ex.1)
우리 점심 먹은 후에 운동 좀 할까요?
Shall we work out a bit after we eat lunch?

‘먹다(to eat)’ has /ㄱ/ final consonant, so you add ‘은’ to make ‘먹은 후에(after we eat).’
You can also say ‘먹은 다음에’ instead.

Ex.2)
등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.
After hiking, we can eat some delicious seafood.

‘등산하다(to hike)’ does not have a final consonant, so you add /ㄴ/ to make ‘등산한 후에(after hiking).’

Ex.3)
산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.
After hiking up to the summit, let’s take a photo together as a memorial.

Here, ‘올라가다(to climb)’ does not have a final consonant, so it becomes ‘올라간 다음에(after hiking).’

Quiz

・30분 정도 (　　　 ) 후에 저녁 먹을까요?
Shall we eat dinner after walking for about 30 minutes?

(1)걷은 (2)걸은

The answer is (2). ‘걷다’ is ‘to walk.’
Since it finishes with /ㄷ/ final consonant, it counts as /ㄷ/ irregular, so you change /ㄷ/ to /ㄹ/.
It should be ‘걸은’ not ‘걷은.’

The whole sentence would be “30분 정도 (걸은) 후에 저녁 먹을까요?”

Conversation (Korean only)

Now, let’s try listening to the conversation only in Korean.

그럼 확인해 보세요!

• 상민：토미 씨, 이번 휴가 때 무슨 계획이 있어요?
• 토미：없어요. 그렇지 않아도 어디로 갈까 고민 중이었어요.
• 상민：혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?
• 토미：아니요, 못 가 봤어요.
• 상민：그럼 우리 같이 등산하러 가는 건 어때요? 등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.
• 토미：등산이요? 전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요. 등산하는 거 힘들지 않아요?
• 상민：좀 힘들겠지만 경치는 최고예요. 산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.
• 토미：좋아요! 꼭 가 보고 싶네요. 그럼 쇼핑하러 갔다 와야 되겠네요. 등산복이나 등산화도 필요하겠죠?

Conversation Practice

This is practice time! I will play the conversation one sentence at a time, so please try it with me.

그럼 큰소리로 읽어 보세요！

• 상민：토미 씨, 이번 휴가 때 무슨 계획이 있어요?
  Sangmin： Tammy, do you have any plans for your upcoming vacation?
• 토미：없어요. 그렇지 않아도 어디로 갈까 고민 중이었어요.
  Tammy： I don’t have any. In fact, I was thinking about where I should go.
• 상민：혹시 설악산에 가 본 적이 있어요?
  Sangmin： Have you ever been to Mt. Sulak by any chance?
• 토미：아니요, 못 가 봤어요.
  Tammy： No, I’ve never been there.
• 상민：그럼 우리 같이 등산하러 가는 건 어때요? 등산한 후에 맛있는 해산물도 먹고요.
  Sangmin： Then, how about we go hiking together? After hiking, we can eat some delicious seafood.
• 토미：등산이요? 전 이제까지 한 번도 등산해 본 적이 없어요. 등산하는 거 힘들지 않아요?
  Tammy： Hiking? I’ve never hiked before. Isn’t it difficult to hike?
• 상민：좀 힘들겠지만 경치는 최고예요. 산꼭대기까지 올라간 다음에 기념으로 같이 사진을 찍어요.
  Sangmin： The view might be great, but it might be a little touch. After hiking up to the summit, let’s take a photo together as a memorial.
• 토미：좋아요! 꼭 가 보고 싶네요. 그럼 쇼핑하러 갔다 와야 되겠네요. 등산복이나 등산화도 필요하겠죠?
  Tammy： That sounds good! I’d love to go there. I’ll have to go shopping then. I need hiking clothes and hiking shoes, right?

Homework

Let’s use ‘(으)ㄴ 적이 있어요(have done- / have not done-)’ and tell me about your memorable experience that other people rarely had.
For example, I would write

• 브라질에서 야생 개미핥기를 직접 본 적이 있어요.
  I have seen a wild anteater in Brazil.

I was shocked at that time.
When you turn in your homework in Korean homework, it would be helpful if you also write an English translation.
I’m looking forward to reading your amazing experiences!

The second homework is memorizing vocabulary.
Please memorize 40 words from #1041 to #1080 on page 14 of the Elementary Vocabulary List.

Good job, guys!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！ 한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！