[Learn Korean E38] “(으)ㄴ+noun”, “잖아요”, “군요”

안녕하세요. 토미입니다.

The theme of today’s conversation is “백화점은 비싸잖아요 (Things in department stores are expensive, aren’t they).?”

Today, we will learn a noun modifier for adjectives and two sentence endings, ‘하잖아요 (as you know/ you know)’ and ‘하군요 (I see (that)/indeed).’

You can hear these expressions not only in TOPIK but also in daily conversations in Korea.
By learning these, I guarantee you you can be the super master of Korean!

그럼 시작할게요.

Listen to the Conversation

The theme of today’s class is “백화점은 비싸잖아요 (Department stores are expensive, aren’t they?).”

Tammy is going out shopping and happens to meet Sangmin on the way.
Listen to their conversation and guess where Sangmin is suggesting Tammy go.

그럼 들어보세요！

• 상민：어, 토미 씨, 지금 어디 가는 길이에요?
  Sangmin： Oh, Tammy. Where are you heading to?
• 토미：원피스를 좀 사러 백화점에 가는 길이에요.
  Tammy： I’m going to a department store to buy a dress.
• 상민：원피스요? 그럼 백화점보다 동대문 시장이 낫지 않을까요? 백화점은 비싸잖아요.
  Sangmin： A dress? Then wouldn’t it be better to go to Dongdaemun Market instead of a department store? They are usually more expensive at department stores, aren’t they?
• 토미：정말요? 동대문 시장에도 원피스가 있군요.
  Tammy： Really? Oh, so there are dresses in Dongdaemun Market.
• 상민：원피스 많죠. 저번에 보니까 백화점에서 파는 거랑 똑같은 것도 많았어요. 가격은 더 싸요.
  Sangmin： There are many dresses. When I went there before, many looked the same as those sold in department stores, but the prices were much cheaper.
• 토미：그래요? 비싼 것보다는 싼 게 좋죠. 혹시 상민 씨 시간 있으면 안내해 줄 수 있어요?
  Tammy： Is that so? The price should be cheaper than expensive. If you have time, could you show me around, Sangmin?
• 상민：그럼요. 우리 같이 가서 예쁜 원피스 찾아 봐요.
  Sangmin： Of course. Let’s go together and find a pretty dress.
• 토미：고마워요, 상민 씨. 대신 제가 맛있는 거 쏠게요. 상민 씨 매운 거 좋아하죠?
  Tammy： Thank you, Sangmin. I’ll buy you something delicious instead. You like spicy food, right, Sangmin?

Vocabulary and Phrases

I’ll explain the vocabulary and phrases while reviewing the conversation one sentence at a time.

상민：어, 토미 씨, 지금 어디 가는 길이에요?
토미：원피스를 좀 사러 백화점에 가는 길이에요.

‘길’ is a ‘road,’ but when used as ‘가는 길,’ it means ‘on the way going.’
For example, ‘오는 길’ would be ‘on the way coming.’

• 상민：원피스요? 그럼 백화점보다 동대문 시장이 낫지 않을까요? 백화점은 비싸잖아요.

‘동대문시장’ is ‘Dongdaemun Market.’
‘동대문시장’ is one of the two major markets in Seoul, along with ‘남대문시장 (Namdaemun Market).’
You can see ‘시장’ in common. It means a ‘market.’

‘낫다’ means ‘better.’
By the way, be aware of ‘낫다’ as an adjective with /ㅅ/ irregular.
‘요 form’ of ‘낫다’ is ‘나아요.’
For example, “이 옷이 더 나아요” means “This dress is better.”

• 상민：원피스 많죠. 저번에 보니까 백화점에서 파는 거랑 똑같은 것도 많았어요. 가격은 더 싸요.

‘저번’ means ‘the other day/the day before.’
‘저번에 만난 사람’ is ‘the person I met the other day.’

‘똑같다’ means ‘exactly the same.’
You can use this word in a sentence like, “동생 얼굴이 형 얼굴과 똑같아요. (The younger brother’s face is exactly the same as his older brother’s).”

‘가격’ means ‘price.’
So, ‘가격이 비싸요’ means ‘the price is expensive.’

• 토미：그래요? 비싼 것보다는 싼 게 좋죠. 혹시 상민 씨 시간 있으면 안내해 줄 수 있어요?

‘안내’ is a ‘guide/announcement/notice.’
‘관광 안내’ is a ‘tourism guide.’
In addition, ‘안내하다’ would mean ‘to guide/to show someone around.’

• 상민：그럼요. 우리 같이 가서 예쁜 원피스 찾아 봐요.

‘찾다’ means ‘to look for/to find.’
‘찾아 보다’ is ‘to try looking for.’

• 토미：고마워요, 상민 씨. 대신 제가 맛있는 거 쏠게요. 상민 씨 매운 거 좋아하죠?

‘대신’ is ‘instead of.’
You can use it in a sentence like “이거 대신 저걸 가져가세요 (You can take this instead of that).”

‘쏘다’ means ‘to treat/to buy a meal.’
It is a relatively frank and casual expression only used in daily conversations between close friends.

‘맵다’ is ‘spicy.’ Let’s learn other adjectives related to taste.
‘달다(sweet),’ ‘짜다(salty),’ ‘쓰다(bitter),’ ‘시다(sour),’ and ‘싱겁다(not salty).’

Grammar

(으)ㄴ + noun

Last time, we already learned ‘(으)ㄴ’ for past tense in action verbs.

Today, you use ‘(으)ㄴ’ to modify adjectives before nouns.

For example, in English, it is ‘adjective + noun’ like ‘a busy person’ or ‘a beautiful flower.’

In Korean, you must change the original form of adjectives to ‘(으)ㄴ form.’

So, now let me explain how to apply this grammar.

First, when the stem of an adjective has a final consonant, you add ‘은.’
For example, ‘많다 (many)’ becomes ‘많은.’

Second, when the stem of an adjective does not have a final consonant, you add /ㄴ/.
For example, ‘기쁘다 (happy)’ becomes ‘기쁜.’

Let’s go through some example sentences.
First, let’s look at a case with a final consonant.

Ex.1)
백화점에서 파는 거랑 똑같은 것도 많았어요.
There were many that looked the same as the ones sold in department stores.

Let’s focus on ‘똑같다 (exactly the same).’
‘똑같다’ has /ㅌ/ in the stem, so you add ‘은’ to make ‘똑같은.’

Ex.2)
상민 씨 매운 거 좋아하죠?
You like spicy things, right, Sangmin?

‘맵다’ is ‘spicy.’
This is an adjective with /ㅂ/ irregular, so it becomes ‘매운.’
‘매운 거’ means ‘spicy things.’

Quiz

・좀 더 (            ) 방이 있을까요?
Is there a larger room?

(1)낡은 (2)넓은

The answer is number (2). ‘넓다’ is ‘spacious’ or ‘large (in terms of space).’
So, you add ‘은’ to make ‘넓은.’

The whole sentence would be “좀 더 (넓은) 방이 있을까요?”

잖아요 Isn’t it~

The following grammar is ‘잖아요.’ In English, this means ‘isn’t it~/as you know/you know.’

You use this when you want to give a reason to someone who is already aware of it or remind them of a fact they have forgotten.

You use this ‘잖아요’ only in conversation, not in official written form.

The way to use it is easy and simple.

Regardless of a final consonant, you must add ‘잖아요’ to the stem.
For example, ‘없다 (there is no)’ becomes ‘없잖아요,’ ‘가다 (to go)’ becomes ‘가잖아요,’ and ‘알다 (to know)’ becomes ‘알잖아요.’

Let’s look at a sentence in the conversation.

Ex.1)
백화점은 비싸잖아요.
Department stores are expensive, aren’t they?

In this sentence, ‘비싸다’ is expensive.
You add ‘잖아요’ to the stem to make it ‘비싸잖아요 (expensive, aren’t they)?’
I hope you get the feeling of ‘잖아요.’

Quiz

・제가 대신 할게요. 토미 씨는 (          ).
I’ll do it instead. You’re busy, aren’t you, Tammy?

(1)바쁘잖아요 (2)바쁘잖요

The answer is number (1).
‘바쁘다’ is ‘busy.’ You add ‘잖아요’ to the stem to make ‘바쁘잖아요.’

The whole sentence would be “제가 대신 할게요. 토미 씨는 (바쁘잖아요).”

군요 Oh, so~

Last but not least, we are going to learn the grammar, ‘군요 (Oh, I see, I did not realize).’

You use this when you realize new information or a new fact or when you are surprised to learn about a new thing.

It has the meaning of an exclamation point (!) in English.
How to use it is easy and simple as well.

You need to add ‘군요’ to the stem of a verb or adjective.
For example, ‘많다 (many)’ becomes ‘많군요,’ ‘비싸다 (expensive)’ becomes ‘비싸군요,’ and ‘학생이다’ becomes ‘학생이군요.’

As you may have noticed, you should not pronounce ‘군요’ as [구뇨].
Instead, you pronounce it as [군뇨].

Then, let’s look at a sentence in today’s conversation.

Ex.1)
동대문 시장에도 원피스가 있군요.
Oh, so there are dresses in Dongdaemun Market.

Let’s see ‘있군요’ in the sentence. ‘있다 (to be)’ is the original form.
You add ‘군요’ to the stem to make ‘있군요 (Oh, so there is~).’
You can see that Tammy was surprised to learn about a new fact in the conversation.

Ex.2)
이거 정말 잘 만들었군요!
You made this really well!

‘만들다’ is ‘to make.’ And its past tense is ‘만들었다 (made).’
You need to add ‘군요’ to the stem to make ‘만들었군요. (You made it).’

Quiz

・시간이 없으면 할 수 (            ).
Oh, if you don’t have time, I don’t have a choice.

(1)없군요 (2)있군요

The answer is (1).
‘할 수 없다’ is ‘don’t have a choice.’
You add ‘군요’ to the stem to make ‘할 수 없군요 (I don’t have a choice).’

The whole sentence would be “시간이 없으면 할 수 (없군요).”

Conversation (Korean only)

Now, let’s try to listen to the conversation again only in Korean.
You can check how much you can understand now.

그럼 확인해 보세요！

• 상민：어, 토미 씨, 지금 어디 가는 길이에요?
• 토미：원피스를 좀 사러 백화점에 가는 길이에요.
• 상민：원피스요? 그럼 백화점보다 동대문 시장이 낫지 않을까요? 백화점은 비싸잖아요.
• 토미：정말요? 동대문 시장에도 원피스가 있군요.
• 상민：원피스 많죠. 저번에 보니까 백화점에서 파는 거랑 똑같은 것도 많았어요. 가격은 더 싸요.
• 토미：그래요? 비싼 것보다는 싼 게 좋죠. 혹시 상민 씨 시간 있으면 안내해 줄 수 있어요?
• 상민：그럼요. 우리 같이 가서 예쁜 원피스 찾아 봐요.
• 토미：고마워요, 상민 씨. 대신 제가 맛있는 거 쏠게요. 상민 씨 매운 거 좋아하죠?

Conversation Practice

큰소리로 읽어 보세요！

• 상민：어, 토미 씨, 지금 어디 가는 길이에요?
  Sangmin： Oh, Tammy. Where are you heading to?
• 토미：원피스를 좀 사러 백화점에 가는 길이에요.
  Tammy： I’m going to a department store to buy a dress.
• 상민：원피스요? 그럼 백화점보다 동대문 시장이 낫지 않을까요? 백화점은 비싸잖아요.
  Sangmin： A dress? Then wouldn’t it be better to go to Dongdaemun Market instead of a department store? They are usually more expensive at department stores, aren’t they?
• 토미：정말요? 동대문 시장에도 원피스가 있군요.
  Tammy： Really? Oh, so there are dresses in Dongdaemun Market.
• 상민：원피스 많죠. 저번에 보니까 백화점에서 파는 거랑 똑같은 것도 많았어요. 가격은 더 싸요.
  Sangmin： There are many dresses. When I went there before, many looked the same as those sold in department stores, but the prices were much cheaper.
• 토미：그래요? 비싼 것보다는 싼 게 좋죠. 혹시 상민 씨 시간 있으면 안내해 줄 수 있어요?
  Tammy： Is that so? The price should be cheaper than expensive. If you have time, could you show me around, Sangmin?
• 상민：그럼요. 우리 같이 가서 예쁜 원피스 찾아 봐요.
  Sangmin： Of course. Let’s go together and find a pretty dress.
• 토미：고마워요, 상민 씨. 대신 제가 맛있는 거 쏠게요. 상민 씨 매운 거 좋아하죠?
  Tammy： Thank you, Sangmin. I’ll buy you something delicious instead. You like spicy food, right, Sangmin?

Homework

We have two homework assignments.
First, make two sentences using the grammar we learned today.

For the first sentence, use adjectives to describe the ideal person you want to be.
For example,

• 저는 똑똑한 사람이 되고 싶어요.
  I want to become a smart person.

For the second sentence, use ‘잖아요’ to say a comment to someone close to you.
For example,

• 엄마, 내가 냉장고에 김치를 넣었잖아요.
  Oh, Mom, I put the Kimchi into the refrigerator.

The second homework is memorizing vocabulary.
Please memorize 40 words from #1121 to #1160 on page 15 of the Elementary Vocabulary List.
I posted the quiz address in the description section below.
That’s all for today. Thank you for watching!
그럼 오늘도 행복 가득, 웃음 가득한 하루 되세요！ 한국어 화이팅, 화이팅, 화이팅！！